Forest Ecosystems Under Climate Change

Forest ecosystems are significantly impacted by climate change, particularly through drought and increased weather variability. Forests are characterized by their long-lived vegetation, making it essential to consider climate projections when planning forest management actions—especially those involving the selection of tree species for reforestation and afforestation. In this context, the following pages present two examples: (1) A global estimation of trends in forest biomass change from 2020 to 2100 utilizing the Global Forest Model (G4M, Kindermann et al., Carbon Balance Manag 8: 2, 2013) and (2) an assessment of tree species suitability within the European Alps.