Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors Based on Carbon Nanoparticles/MnO₂ Nanorods Hybrid Structure

A highly flexible solid-state supercapacitor was fabricated through a simple flame synthesis method and electrochemical deposition process based on a carbon nanoparticles/MnO2 nanorods hybrid structure using polyvinyl alcohol/H3PO4 electrolyte. Carbon fabric is used as a current collector and electrode (mechanical support), leading to a simplified, highly flexible, and lightweight architecture. The device exhibited good electrochemical performance with an energy density of 4.8 Wh/kg at a power density of 14 kW/kg, and a demonstration of a practical device is also presented, highlighting the path for its enormous potential in energy management.