Flexible Micro-LEDs: Advanced Fabrication Techniques and Applications

Abstract Flexible micro light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional properties, including high luminance, energy efficiency, and mechanical robustness, positioning them as a promising technology for next-generation displays and electronic devices. As the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm advances, the demand for portable and adaptable devices has led to an acceleration in flexible micro-LED research. This review comprehensively examines advanced fabrication techniques for flexible micro-LEDs, encompassing epitaxial growth, various lift-off processes, and mass transfer strategies. These methods are systematically integrated to optimize device performance and scalability. Furthermore, it explores diverse applications of flexible micro-LEDs, ranging from flexible displays and biomedical sensors to IoT and smart devices. These applications harness the unique properties of flexible micro-LEDs, enabling their integration into various form factors and opening up new possibilities for user interfaces and information displays. This work emphasizes the transformative role of flexible micro-LEDs in driving innovations across multiple fields, paving the way for the next generation of flexible and intelligent technologies. Graphical Abstract