Factors and Dynamics of Cu Nanocrystal Reconstruction under CO₂ Reduction

Cu nanocrystals as catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction are a subject of considerable contemporary interest, but their stability has not been considered as extensively. In this paper, we report on the reconstruction of Cu nanocrystals during CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and discuss the factors influencing the observed changes with computer-based quantitative analysis and spectroscopic techniques. The timelines of opposing phenomena, sintering and declustering, previously reported separately, are detailed with a focus on two forces affecting the final morphology: Applied potential and reaction intermediates. This intriguing system demonstrates the need for fundamental understanding of catalyst behavior preceding the ability to control its performance.