Exploring the role of miR-221/222 in gastrointestinal cancers: implications for innovative therapeutic strategies

MicroRNAs, also known as miRNAs, have a substantial part in regulating different essential cellular functions through post-transcriptional mechanisms. When they are not properly regulated, they can cause development and growth of numerous human illnesses, such as cancer. The MiR-221/222 family of genes is commonly disrupted in various forms of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Gastrointestinal cancers are the most commonly occurring cancerous growths across the world, with a significant number of cases and fatalities. Despite many improvements in the care of gastrointestinal cancer, such as the use of chemotherapy and immunotherapy protocols, a considerable proportion of individuals still exhibit a subpar reaction to treatment, leading to unsatisfactory rates of survival. IFinding new therapeutic targets is essential to improving treatment results for people with GI cancer. An increasing amount of recent research indicates that miR-221/222 is highly engaged in the growth of GI cancer. This article thoroughly examines the abnormal levels of miR-221/222 in diverse GI cancers like colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, it summarises the latest knowledge regarding the functions and target genes of miR-221/222, and its mechanism of action in GI cancers. This information may pave the way for the advancement of innovative treatment strategies for these patients.