Expert Systems and Artificial Neural Networksfor Spatial Analysis and Modelling:Essential Components for Knowledge-BasedGeographical Information Systems

This article outlines the general architecture of a knowledge based GISystem that has the potential to intelligently support decision making in a GIS environment. The efficient and effective integration of spatial data, spatial analytic procedures and models, procedural and declarative knowledge is through fuzzy logic, expert systems and neural network technologies. A specific focus of the discussion is on the expert system and neural network components of the system, technologies which had been relatively unknown in the GIS community at the time this chapter was written.