The describing function method is widely used without much attention being paid to the error analysis so vital in any approximate method. One reason for this is the lack of a straightforward user-oriented method for checking error bounds except when the nonlinear element characteristic is single valued and of bounded slope. This paper attempts to eliminate that defect. A far wider range of nonlinear elements is now amenable to straightforward, usually graphical treatment; discontinuities, hysteresis, and backlash characteristics are included. In addition, previous results for slope-bounded single-valued nonlinear characteristics may be substantially improved with a small additional computational effort.
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