DNA methylation and histone modifications have important roles in normal mammary differentiation and the development of breast cancer. Epigenetically mediated silencing of tumor suppressor coding genes and microRNAs is a hallmark of human breast tumors. CpG island hypermethylation is starting to be used as a biomarker of the disease, such as BRCA1 hypermethylation as a predictor of response to PARP inhibitors. Most importantly, both DNA methylation and histone modifications are new targets for upcoming drugs.
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