Employer Perspectives: Competing through a Flexible Workforce

Most individuals regard full-time, long-term employment as the preferred employment relationship.As such, those in alternative forms of employment may be cast as working in the "shadow" of the mainstream.The term shadow workforce thus refers to individuals engaged in forms of employment that differ from full-time, long-term employment.That is, they are engaged in nonstandard work (Carré and Joshi 2001).The shadow workforce garners public attention in headlines, titles, and statements proclaiming "The End of the Job," The Downsizing