Empirical Evaluation of Very Large Treatment Effects of Medical Interventions

Tiago Pereira; Ralph I. Horwitz; John P A Ioannidis

doi:10.1001/jama.2012.13444

Abstract

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Most large treatment effects emerge from small studies, and when additional trials are performed, the effect sizes become typically much smaller. Well-validated large effects are uncommon and pertain to nonfatal outcomes.

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