The potential of membrane distillation (MD) in seawater desalination and high-salt wastewater treatment makes it a highly promising application in alleviating the global water crisis. However, membrane fouling and wetting are the main obstacles to the large-scale application of MD. Bio-inspired super liquid-repellent membranes offer a viable resolution to these challenges. The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has stimulated the growing attention toward electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs). Electrospun fibers demonstrate excellent functionalization, controllability, and hydrophobicity. Their low energy consumption and ease of preparation promote their application prospects in the construction of super liquid-repellent membranes. This article provides a comprehensive summary of electrospinning principles and influencing factors, coupled with a detailed account of the theory and preparation of super-liquid-repellent membranes via electrospinning, thus explicating the application and challenges of these membranes in MD, facilitating a deeper understanding of the ENMs application in MD for readers.
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