Effects of Variation of Axial Load on Seismic Performance of Shear Deficient RC Exterior BCJs

The focus of this paper is to investigate the effect of column axial load levels on the performance of shear deficient reinforced concrete beam column joints (BCJs) under monotonic and cyclic loading. The problem of interaction between shear stress in BCJ and axial load on column has been addressed in this work by initially postulating a mechanistic model and substantiated by an experimental test program. This was achieved by conducting appropriate tests on seven BCJ sub-assemblies subjected to monotonic and reversed cyclic loading, with varying levels of the column axial load. Experimental results were further validated using a finite element model in an ABAQUS environment. The effect of variation of compressive strength of concrete was considered in a subsequent parametric study, in order to obtain sufficient data, and utilized to develop a new shear strength model for BCJs which includes influences of all the important parameters required to predict the shear strength of BCJs. The results showed that column axial load affects the seismic performance of BCJs significantly. Experimental results demonstrated that at initial stages of loading, increase in axial load enhances the shear capacity of the joint and reduces its ductility. However, when the column axial load/axial strength ratio increases to about 0.6–0.7, shear strength starts to decrease rapidly, leading to pure axial failure of the joint. The magnitude of axial load/axial capacity ratio also dictates the failure mode and development of crack patterns in BCJs. Results of reverse cyclic tests on BCJs showed that high value of axial load/axial capacity ratio increases the initial stiffness of BCJ but rate of stiffness degradation is accelerated after peak strength attenuation.