Dietary Intake of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Breast Cancer Risk in the NHS and NHS II Prospective Cohorts

Abstract Background Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids common throughout the US diet. Although circulating BCAAs have been implicated in insulin resistance and some obesity-related cancers, the relationship between dietary intake of BCAAs and incident breast cancer is unknown. We sought to evaluate the association between long-term dietary intakes of BCAAs and invasive breast cancer risk. Methods Our analyses included 196 161 women from the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II longitudinal cohorts. Average intakes of total and individual BCAAs (isoleucine, leucine, valine) were estimated from repeated diet questionnaires and incident self-reported breast cancer cases were confirmed via medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for reproductive history, lifestyle, body mass index, and other breast cancer risk factors, were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results We observed 10 046 incident cases of breast cancer over a median of 20.8 years of follow-up. No associations between dietary intakes of total or individual BCAAs with breast cancer risk were observed. Compared with women in the bottom quintile of BCAA intake, the hazard ratio of breast cancer for those in the top quintile was 1.05 (95% confidence interval = 0.98 to 1.12; 2-sided Ptrend = .20). Findings were consistent across molecular subtypes and according to type 2 diabetes diagnosis and body mass index categories. Conclusions Dietary intakes of BCAAs are not likely a risk factor for breast cancer.