Diabetic Nephropathy: Present and Future Challenges

Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication that develops in approximately one-third of all patients with diabetes. In diabetic patients, renal transplantation reduced the risk of acute coronary syndromes in comparison to dialysis treatment, although the risk is substantially higher than the risk of the nondiabetic population. Clinical studies have found a link between a number of clinical or laboratory features and the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. It is important to detect the factors since some of them are remediable and can direct preventive interventions. The US Renal Data System and population-based as well as intervention trials found that compared with Caucasian, racial minorities in the United States are disproportionately affected by diabetes and have excessive risk of complication such as end-stage renal disease. Abnormalities of lipid profile are often present in patients with kidney disease and are usually considered the consequence of kidney dysfunction.