Decentralized transactive energy community in edge grid with positive buildings and interactive electric vehicles

Decarbonization, Digitalization and Decentralization are the three key pillars to meet the significant rise of energy demand with the rapid development of urbanization, which enable the global low-carbon economy with transactive energy market. The total energy consumption of buildings and transport accounts for more than 70% in global final energy consumption but renewables only meet less than 20% in the demand of heating, cooling and transport. Therefore, buildings and electric vehicles have great potentials in allowing the optimization and balance of supply and demand with their cross-sector transactive behaviors for full-scale flexibility. This paper provides a systematic overview of the positive roles of buildings and interactive transaction behaviors of electric vehicles in establishing sustainable transactive energy community from energy physical space, data cyber space, and human social space. Low-carbon transactive energy solutions with key technologies and latest advances for net zero energy building with high electric vehicle density is discussed in a hierarchical way. Internet of things as the fundamental architecture enables digitalization and interoperability of transactive energy. Blockchain as the core element enables decentralization and transparency of transactive energy. Edge computing as the accelerator alleviates the issues of blockchain and speeds up blockchain-based transactive energy. A comprehensive survey of currently known projects and startups on blockchain-based transactive energy for cross-sector local community with buildings and electric vehicles is provided in the end with the discussion of the open challenges and future perspectives for this promising area.