Cultural Stereotypes of Multinational Banks

Using hand-collected data spanning more than a decade on European banks' sovereign debt portfolios, we show that the trust of residents of a bank's countries of operation in the residents of a potential target country of investment has a positive, statistically significant, and economically important effect on its cross-border exposures.In identifying cultural stereotypes at the bank level, we show that corporate culture at bank headquarters is influenced by foreign subsidiaries for several reasons, including banks' tendency to hire internally across borders for high-level managerial positions.We therefore leverage the geography of multinational bank branch networks to construct a bank-specific measure of culture that varies across banks headquartered in the same country, at the same point in time, with regard to the same target country.We find stereotypes and their effect on bank exposures to be persistent over time, stronger for less diversified banks, and weaker for target countries whose bonds appear more frequently in bank portfolios.Cultural stereotypes are particularly salient when governments are hit by sovereign debt crises.