<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Global responses of the hydrological cycle to climate change have been widely studied but uncertainties of temperature responses to lower-tropospheric water vapor still remain. Here, we investigate the trends in global total precipitable water (TPW) and surface temperature from 1958 to 2021 using improved ERA5 and JRA-55 reanalysis datasets and further validate these trends by using radiosonde, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and Microwave Satellite (SSMI(S)) observations. Our results indicate a global increase in total precipitable water (TPW) of 0.66 % per decade according to ERA5 data and 0.88 % per decade in JRA-55 data. These variations in TPW reflect the interactions of global warming feedback mechanisms across different spatial scales. Our results also revealed a significant near-surface temperature (T<sub>2m</sub>) warming trend at the rate of 0.14 K dec<sup>-1</sup> and a strong water vapor response to temperature at a rate of 4–6 % K<sup>-1</sup> globally, with land areas warming approximately twice as fast as the oceans. The relationship between TPW and T<sub>2m</sub> or surface skin temperature (T<sub>s</sub>) showed a variation around 6–8 % K<sup>-1</sup> in the 15–60° N latitude band, aligning with theoretical estimates from the Clausius–Clapeyron equation.
Marielle Saunois, Adrien Martinez, Benjamin Poulter, Zhen Zhang, Peter A. Raymond, Pierre Regnier, Josep G. Canadell, Robert B. Jackson, Prabir K. Patra, Philippe Bousquet, Philippe Ciais, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Xin Lan, George H. Allen, David Bastviken, David J. Beerling, Dmitry Belikov, Donald R Blake, Simona Castaldi, Monica Crippa, Bridget R. Deemer, Fraser Dennison, Giuseppe Etiope, Nicola Gedney, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Meredith A. Holgerson, Peter O. Hopcroft, Gustaf Hugelius, Akihiko Ito, Atul K. Jain, Rajesh Janardanan, Matthew S. Johnson, Thomas Kleinen, Paul B. Krummel, Ronny Lauerwald, Tingting Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle C. McDonald, Joe R. Melton, Jens Mühle, Jurek Müller, Fabiola Murguía‐Flores, Yosuke Niwa, Sergio Noce, Shufen Pan, Robert J. Parker, Changhui Peng, Michel Ramonet, W. J. Riley, Gerard Rocher‐Ros, Judith A. Rosentreter, Motoki Sasakawa, Arjo Segers, Steven J. Smith, Emily H. Stanley, Joël Thanwerdas, Hanquin Tian, Aki Tsuruta, Francesco N. Tubiello, Thomas Weber, Guido R. van der Werf, Doug Worthy, Yi Xi, Yukio Yoshida, Wenxin Zhang, Bo Zheng, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, Qianlai Zhuang
Huisheng Bian, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Eric C. Apel, Donald R Blake, K. D. Froyd, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, J. L. Jiménez, Pedro Campuzano‐Jost, Michael J. Lawler, Mingxu Liu, Marianne T. Lund, Hitoshi Matsui, Benjamin A. Nault, Joyce E. Penner, Andrew W. Rollins, Gregory P. Schill, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Hailong Wang, Lu Xu, Kai Zhang, Jialei Zhu
Huisheng Bian, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Eric C. Apel, Donald R Blake, K. D. Froyd, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, J. L. Jiménez, Pedro Campuzano‐Jost, Michael J. Lawler, Mingxu Liu, Marianne T. Lund, Hitoshi Matsui, Benjamin A. Nault, Joyce E. Penner, Andrew W. Rollins, Gregory P. Schill, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Hailong Wang, Lu Xu, Kai Zhang, Jialei Zhu
Huisheng Bian, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Eric C. Apel, Donald R Blake, K. D. Froyd, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, J. L. Jiménez, Pedro Campuzano‐Jost, Michael J. Lawler, Mingxu Liu, Marianne T. Lund, Hitoshi Matsui, Benjamin A. Nault, Joyce E. Penner, Andrew W. Rollins, Gregory P. Schill, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Hailong Wang, Lu Xu, Kai Zhang, Jialei Zhu
Gregory P. Schill, K. D. Froyd, Daniel M. Murphy, Christina Williamson, C. A. Brock, Tomás Sherwen, M. J. Evans, Eric Ray, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Alan J. Hills, Jeff Peischl, Tomas B. Ryerson, Chelsea R. Thompson, Ilann Bourgeois, Donald R Blake, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin
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