Clinical significance of hematological parameters in the diagnosis and management of canine pyometra

Pyometra is a life-threatening uterine condition in unspayed bitches, typically developing during the luteal phase and characterized by purulent uterine discharge and systemic inflammatory manifestations. This case study reports the diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring approach in a 6.3-year-old female Chow Chow presented with lethargy, inappetence, and purulent vaginal discharge. Comprehensive evaluation included clinical, hematological, biochemical, imaging, and cytological investigations. Marked leukocytosis, neutrophilia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were noted, along with significant biochemical alterations indicating systemic involvement. Diagnosis was confirmed via abdominal ultrasound and laboratory profiles. Complications during hospitalization included epistaxis, progressive anemia, and secondary infections with Mycoplasma haemocanis and Candida parapsilosis, necessitating blood transfusions and antifungal therapy. Hematological biomarkers were dynamically monitored throughout treatment and proved valuable in evaluating disease progression, therapeutic efficacy, and clinical prognosis. The case highlights the importance of serial hematological and biochemical assessments in managing canine pyometra and its complications.