Climate change may interact with nitrogen fertilizer management leading to different ammonia loss in China’s croplands

Abstract Despite research into the response of ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization in farmland to various meteorological factors, the potential impact of future climate change on NH 3 volatilization is not fully understood. Based on a database consisting of 1063 observations across China, nonlinear NH 3 models considering crop type, meteorological, soil and management variables were established via four machine learning methods, including support vector machine, multi‐layer perceptron, gradient boosting machine and random forest (RF). The RF model had the highest R 2 of 0.76 and the lowest RMSE of 0.82 kg NH 3 ‐N ha − 1 , showing the best simulation capability. Results of model importance indicated that NH 3 volatilization was mainly controlled by total input of N fertilizer, followed by meteorological factors, human managements and soil characteristics. The NH 3 emissions of China's cereal production (paddy rice, wheat and maize) in 2018 was estimated to be 3.3 Mt NH 3 ‐N. By 2050, NH 3 volatilization will increase by 23.1−32.0% under different climate change scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs), and climate change will have the greatest impact on NH 3 volatilization in the Yangtze river agro‐region of China due to high warming effects. However, the potential increase in NH 3 volatilization under future climate change can be mitigated by 26.1−47.5% through various N fertilizer management optimization options.