Cholesterol esterification and p53-mediated tumor suppression

Many human cancers carry missense mutations in or deletions of the tumor protein 53 (TP53) tumor suppressor gene. TP53's product, p53 regulates many biological processes, including cell metabolism. Cholesterol is a key lipid needed for the maintenance of membrane function and tissue homeostasis while also serving as a precursor for steroid hormone and bile acid synthesis. An over-abundance of cholesterol can lead to its esterification and storage as cholesterol esters. The recent study has shown that the loss of p53 leads to excessive cholesterol ester biosynthesis, which promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Blocking cholesterol esterification improves treatment outcomes, particularly for liver cancers with p53 deletions/mutations that originate in a background of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.