A systematic experimental investigation of the onset, development, and statistical and scaling properties of elastic turbulence in a curvilinear micro-channel of a dilute solution of a high molecular weight polymer is presented. By measurements of time series of high spatial resolution flow fields performed over a time 320 times longer than the average relaxation, we show that the transition to elastic turbulence occurs via an imperfect bifurcation. Slightly above the onset of the primary elastic instability, rare events manifested through a local deceleration of the flow are observed. By measurements of the spatial distributions and statistics of the second invariant of the rate of strain tensor, we show that the main prediction of the theory regarding the saturation of root mean square of fluctuations of the velocity gradients is qualitatively verified though a quantitative agreement could not be found. A systematic analysis of the statistics of the fluctuations of flow fields in terms of spatial and temporal correlations, power spectra, and probability distributions is presented. The scaling properties of structure functions of the increments of the velocity gradients are discussed. Our experimental findings call for further developments of the theory of elastic turbulence in bounded flow channels.
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