Business Models for Local 5G Micro Operators

5G will change the mobile communication business ecosystem by introducing location specific high-quality wireless networks that can by operated by different stakeholders. This development will change the traditional business models and ecosystem roles, as well as open the market for new local mobile network operators. These operators, such as recently introduced micro operators, can target specific customers in different vertical sectors with closed 5G networks, serve mobile network operator's (MNO) customers in high-demand areas on behalf of the MNO as a neutral host with open 5G networks, or mix different types of customers and offerings through various hybrid business models. This paper discusses business model options for local 5G micro operators, addressing also the different network deployment options. Three generic 5G business models and respective value ecosystems are presented: Vertical business model and ecosystem, Horizontal business model and ecosystem, and Oblique business model and ecosystem. Finally, the scalability, adaptability and sustainability of the business models and ecosystems are examined.