Brain Connectivity Networks Constructed Using MRI for Predicting Patterns of Atrophy Progression in Parkinson Disease

Background Whether connectome mapping of structural and functional connectivity across the brain could be used to predict patterns of atrophy progression in patients with mild Parkinson disease (PD) has not been well studied. Purpose To assess the structural and functional connectivity of brain regions in healthy controls and its relationship with the spread of gray matter (GM) atrophy in patients with mild PD. Materials and Methods This prospective study included participants with mild PD and controls recruited from a single center between January 2012 and December 2023. Participants with PD underwent three-dimensional T1-weighted brain MRI, and the extent of regional GM atrophy was determined at baseline and every year for 3 years. The structural and functional brain connectome was constructed using diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional MRI in healthy controls. Disease exposure (DE) indexes-indexes of the pathology of each brain region-were defined as a function of the structural or functional connectivity of all the connected regions in the healthy connectome and the severity of atrophy of the connected regions in participants with PD. Partial correlations were tested between structural and functional DE indexes of each GM region at 1- or 2-year follow-up and atrophy progression at 2- or 3-year follow-up. Prediction models of atrophy at 2- or 3-year follow-up were constructed using exhaustive feature selection. Results A total of 86 participants with mild PD (mean age at MRI, 60 years ± 8 [SD]; 48 male) and 60 healthy controls (mean age at MRI, 62 years ± 9; 31 female) were included. DE indexes at 1 and 2 years were correlated with atrophy at 2 and 3 years (<i>r</i> range, 0.22-0.33; <i>P</i> value range, .002-.04). Models including DE indexes predicted GM atrophy accumulation over 3 years in the right caudate nucleus and some frontal, parietal, and temporal brain regions (<i>R</i>² range, 0.40-0.61; all <i>P</i> < .001). Conclusion The structural and functional organization of the brain connectome plays a role in atrophy progression in the early stages of PD. © RSNA, 2024 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Yamada in this issue.