This document summarizes the progress of VTO battery R&D projects supported during the fiscal year 2021 (FY 2021). In FY 2021, the DOE VTO battery R&D funding was approximately $115 million. Its R&D focus was on the development of high-energy batteries for EVs as well as very high-power devices for hybrid vehicles. The electrochemical energy storage roadmap (which can be found at the EERE Roadmap web page2) describes ongoing and planned efforts to develop electrochemical storage technologies for EVs. To advance battery technology, which can in turn improve market penetration of PEVs, the program investigates various battery chemistries to overcome specific technical barriers, e.g., battery cost, performance, life (both the calendar life and the cycle life), its tolerance to abusive conditions, and its recyclability/sustainability. VTO R&D has had considerable success, lowering the cost of EV battery packs to $185/kWh in 2019 (representing more than 80% reduction since 2008) yet even further cost reduction is necessary for EVs to achieve head-to-head cost competitiveness with ICEs (without Federal subsidies). In addition, today’s batteries also need improvements in such areas as their ability to accept charging at a high rate, referred to as extreme fast charging (XFC) (15 minute charge) – to provide a “refueling” convenience similar to ICEs, and the ability to operate adequately at low temperatures. Research into “next-gen lithium-ion” batteries which would provide such functionalities is one of the R&D focus areas. VTO is funding research on both “next gen” chemistries (which employ an alloy anode and/or a high voltage cathode) and beyond lithium-ion (BLI) chemistries (which can, for example, employ a lithium metal anode).
Mohamed Taggougui, Madhuri Thakur, Cary M. Hayner, Michael Slater, Yan Wang, Bapiraju Surampudi, Ian W. M. Smith, Herman A. Lopez, Stuart D. Hellring, Henry Costantino, David L. Wood, Zhijia Du, Jianlin Li, Özgenur Kahvecioğlu, Joseph A. Libera, Young-Ho Shin, Yangchuan Xing, Peter N. Pintauro, Trevor L. Dzwiniel, Brandon C. Wood, Vincent Battaglia, Michael C. Tucker, Gerbrand Ceder, Venkat Srinivasan, Hakim Iddir, Kandler Smith, Andrew M. Colclasure, Donal P. Finegan, Satadru Dey, Ranjeet Rao, Shriram Santhanagopalan, Scott Alan Roberts, Daniel Abraham, Chulheung Bae, Srikanth Allu, Linda Gaines, Ahmad Pesaran, Jeff Spangenberger, Zhengcheng Zhang, Eric J. Dufek, Matthew Keyser, Francois L. E. Usseglio‐Viretta, Weijie Mai, Ryan Brow, Jeffrey Allen, Sheng Dai, Mohan Karulkar, Khalil Amine, Esther S. Takeuchi, Kenneth J. Takeuchi, Amy C. Marschilok, David C. Bock, Nitash P. Balsara, Wenjuan Liu-Mattis, Anthony K. Burrell, Shabbir Ahmed, Ira Bloom, David Robertson, Panos D. Prezas, LeRoy Flores, Joshua Lamb, Aron Saxon, Thomas Bethel, Andrew N. Jansen, Wenquan Lu, Lee A. Walker, Jack Vaughey, Gao Liu, Ji‐Guang Zhang, Xiaolin Li, Yi Cui, Jason R. Croy, Feng Wang, Jianming Bai, John B. Goodenough, Guoying Chen, Michael F. Toney, Dušan Strmčnik, Vojislav R. Stamenković, Marca M. Doeff, Jie Xiao, Robert C. Tenent, Ron Hendershot, Joseph E. Sunstrom, Alec Falzone, Toivo T. Kodas, Ying Shirley Meng, Ilias Belharouak, Huolin L. Xin, Feng Lin, Kristin A. Persson, Wu Xu, Fan Jiang, Arumugam Manthiram, Neil J. Kidner, Donghai Wang, Chao‐Yang Wang, Jagjit Nanda, Chongmin Wang, Robert Kostecki
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