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Changing climate, increasing world population and depleting cultivable land necessitate crops that can ensure global food security. However, the nitrogen fixation ability and ability to survive in unfavorable conditions make legumes promising for global food security. Overcoming problems like tolerance to extreme temperatures and water deficit, along with achieving higher genetic gain and breaking through yield plateaus, are still major challenges in legume improvement. In this chapter, two important legume crops, mungbean and urdbean, and their wild relatives for the development of climate-resilient cultivars have been discussed. This chapter highlights the importance of all gene pools and crop wild relatives to broaden the narrow genetic base of mungbean and urdbean through pre-breeding and alien gene transfer. The chapter emphasizes the importance of different techniques such as phenomics, genomics, genome editing tools, speed breeding and genetic engineering for the improvement of these legumes. Overall, integrating genomics and conventional breeding will bring a paradigm shift in legume improvement in the near future.