Antimalarial chloroquine metamorphosed into antiviral agent against HIV with four modes of actions

Background To identify an economical and effective antiviral agent we are nurturing chloroquine (CQ) which is an antiviral agent with multimodal and immune modalatory actions. Earlier studies have reported inhibition of HIV by CQ through its anti-integrase activity and also had elucidated that CQ inhibits HIV by inhibiting glycosylation of envelope glycoprotein. It had also been shown that CQ blocked Tumor-Necrosis-Factor (TNF-) alpha and Interleukin-6(IL-6); production and interferes with HIV replication.