Foreignness and its relationship to sustainability is an underexamined and potentially insightful relationship. The insight gains from this relationship are particularly cogent when considering sustainable supply chain management practices, international business, and cross-cultural relationships. This paper draws from institutional theory and examines sustainability of supply chain partners from a foreignness perspective. A comprehensive conceptual framework evaluating the relationships of foreignness to economic, social and environmental sustainability is presented and discussed in this paper. In addition, contingent factors such as level of development of supplier’s nation, level of global integration of buyer and type of industry, on sustainability performance of focal firms are also conceptually evaluated. The direct and contingency frameworks introduced in this paper are presented along with research propositions that allow for furthering understanding and theoretical development within the sustainable supply chain management and the international business fields. Practical and research implications are also included with a research agenda to further investigate these relationships.
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