An Alkaline Phosphatase-Responsive Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer for Selective Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer Cells

Fluorescence-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered as an emerging strategy for precise cancer treatment by making use of photosensitizers (PSs) with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Some efficient PSs have been reported in recent years, but multifunctional PSs that are responsive to cancer-specific biomarkers are rarely reported. In this study, we introduced a phosphate group as a cancer-specific biomarker of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on a PS with the features of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for cancer cell imaging and therapy. In cancer cells with high ALP expression, the phosphate group on the AIE probe is selectively hydrolyzed by ALP. Consequently, the hydrophobic probe residue is aggregated in aqueous media and gives a "turn on" fluorescent response. Moreover, fluorescence-guided PDT was realized by the aggregates of probe residue with strong ROS generation efficiency under white light irradiation. Overall, this work presents a strategy of applying ALP-responsive AIE PS for specific imaging cancer cells and succeeding with specific PDT upon the cancer biomarker stimulated responsive reactions.