Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background There are limited data on whether there is an association between hospitalisation with dental periapical abscess and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) which is independent of main cardiovascular risk factors. Purpose To investigate whether there is an association between hospitalisation with dental periapical abscess and new-onset AF. Methods A retrospective cohort study from a national database of patients hospitalised in 2013 (3.4 million patients) with at least five years of follow up, unless deceased. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were used to compare the risk of developing new-onset AF for adults with and without dental periapical abscesses using univariate and multivariable analysis and hazard ratios (HR). Results In total, 4,693 patients classified as having dental periapical abscess, 435 (9.27%) developed AF, compared to 326,241 (10.69%) without dental periapical abscess over a mean follow-up of 4.8 ± 1.7 years. Multivariable analysis indicated that dental periapical abscess acted as an independent predictor for new onset AF (p < 0.01). Conclusions An increased risk of new onset AF was identified for individuals hospitalised with dental periapical abscess. Careful follow up of patients with severe, acute dental periapical infections are needed for incident AF, as well as investigations of possible mechanisms linking these conditions. Predictors of new-onset AF during FU Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis HR, 95%CI P HR, 95%CI P Age, years 1.077 (1.076-1.077) <0.0001 1.076 (1.075-1.076) <0.0001 Gender (male) 1.640 (1.629-1.651) <0.0001 1.0498 (1.487-1.509) <0.0001 Hypertension 2.849 (2.829-2.869) <0.0001 1.114 (1.487-1.509) <0.0001 Diabetes mellitus 1.951 (1.935-1.968) <0.0001 1.106 (1.096-1.116) <0.0001 Heart failure 3.893 (3.857-3.930) <0.0001 1.434 (1.416-1.452) <0.0001 Ischaemic stroke 2.289 (2.23902.340) <0.0001 1.140 (1.114-1.165) <0.0001 smoker 0.903 (0.891-0.917) <0.0001 1.052 (1.036-1.069) <0.0001 Liver disease 1.141 (1.119-1.164) <0.0001 1.082 (1.059-1.105) <0.0001 Previous myocardial infarction 2.128 (2.082-2.176) <0.0001 0.903 (0.880-0.926) <0.0001 Inflammatory disease 1.036 (1.020-1.052) <0.0001 0.978 (0.964-0.994) 0.005 Cognitive impairment 2.368 (2.326-2.410) <0.0001 0.821 (0.807-0.836) <0.0001 Illicit drug use 0.288 (0.263-0.317) <0.0001 0.940 (0.855-1032) 0.19 Dental periapical abscess 0.855 (0.778- 0.939) 0.001 1.107 (1.008-1.216) 0.03 At least 5 years of follow-up (mean follow-up 4.8 ± 1.7 years). Abstract Figure. Flow Chart of the study patients
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