Abstract IA15: Microbiota and cancer immunosurveillance: An introduction

Abstract Anticancer immune responses can be considered a desirable form of autoimmunity that may be profoundly shaped by the microbiome. Such anticancer immune responses may occur as part of the natural immunosurveillance system as well as a result of therapeutic interventions including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immuotherapy. I will discuss evidence for the microbiome's influence on antitumor immunosurveillance, including those that are indirect and can act at a distance. I will put forward hypotheses regarding mechanisms of how these effects are implemented. These may involve cross-reactivity between microbial and tumor antigens shaping T cell repertoires and/or microbial products stimulating pattern recognition receptors that influence the type and intensity of immune responses. Understanding how the microbiome impacts natural cancer immunosurveillance as well as treatment-induced immune responses will pave the way for more effective therapies and prophylactics. References 1. Galluzzi L, Buqué A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immunological Effects of Conventional Chemotherapy and Targeted Anticancer Agents. Cancer Cell 2015;28(6):690-714. 2. Pietrocola F, Pol J, Vacchelli E, Rao S, Enot DP, Baracco EE, Levesque S,Castoldi F, Jacquelot N, Yamazaki T, Senovilla L, Marino G, Aranda F, Durand S, Sica V, Chery A, Lachkar S, Sigl V, Bloy N, Buque A, Falzoni S, Ryffel B, Apetoh L, Di Virgilio F, Madeo F, Maiuri MC, Zitvogel L, Levine B, Penninger JM, Kroemer G. Caloric Restriction Mimetics Enhance Anticancer Immunosurveillance. Cancer Cell 2016;30(1):147-60. 3. Zitvogel L, Ayyoub M, Routy B, Kroemer G. Microbiome and Anticancer Immunosurveillance. Cell 2016;165(2):276-87. Citation Format: Guido Kroemer. Microbiota and cancer immunosurveillance: An introduction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA15.