Abstract 10: Serum Metabolomic Signatures of Multiple Healthful Dietary Patterns and Incident Cardiometabolic Diseases in US Hispanics/Latinos

Introduction: Healthful dietary patterns are associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Hypothesis: Healthful dietary patterns share widespread metabolomic signatures that are associated with altered risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: We analyzed data from 2976 adult participants free of diabetes and CVD in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Scores of three USDA recommended dietary patterns, Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED), and healthful plant-based dietary index (hPDI) were calculated by averaging two 24-hour dietary recalls. Fasting serum metabolomics was performed using an untargeted approach. Dietary pattern associated metabolite modules were clustered using a weighted correlation network analysis, and their associations with 6-year incidence of diabetes and hypertension were further examined. Results: Of 624 known metabolites identified, some were uniquely associated with a single dietary score, while 51 metabolites were significantly associated with all dietary scores ( Figure A ). Eight metabolite modules were clustered based on 184 dietary pattern-related metabolites. Each dietary score was associated with one unique metabolite module, and two modules composed of antioxidants or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were associated with all dietary scores ( Figure B ). After multivariable adjustment for demographics, socioeconomics, lifestyles, and BMI, the antioxidant module was significantly associated with lower risk of diabetes (per SD, relative risk (RR) = 0.80 [95% CI 0.69-0.96]) and risk of hypertension (per SD, RR= 0.85 [0.73-0.99]), whereas the PUFA module was not associated with either outcome. Conclusions: Metabolomic signatures positively relating to three common healthful dietary patterns are found to be associated with lower incident cardiometabolic diseases, providing some mechanistic insights into the cardioprotection of high-quality diets.