A hybrid evolutionary algorithm for stability analysis of 2-area multi-non-conventional system with communication delay and energy storage

The integration of renewable energy with the grid is essential given the environmental and economic constraints. In this work, the dynamic performance of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) was studied with a dynamic steam turbine and renewable sources. A 2-area multi-non-conventional source (Thermal-Hydro-Solar-wind-Gas-battery storage) system with communication time delay ( τ ) is implemented with the proposed cascaded PID (C-PID) controller scheme. The parameters of the C-PID controller were tuned by a hybrid Improved Teaching Learning Based Optimization and Differential Evolution (hITLBO-DE). Root locus, Bode plot, and eigenvalue analysis were used to demonstrate the stability of the system. Various controllers (i.e. I, PI, PID, and C-PID) were implemented with the designed system under varying operating conditions of step (1% to 10%) and dynamic load variation (1%, ± 1%). The C-PID controller is able to maintain a stable system response even for τ of 4 s. Finally, the obtained Amelioration (%) of 55.93%, 49.03%, and 72.84% for Over Shoot emphases the efficacy of the proposed C-PID controller and hITLBO-DE algorithm.