Publications

De auteurs vormen de redactiecommissie van dit thema. Aan dit themanummer hebben behalve de auteurs van de diverse artikelen, die ook als beoordelaars van elkaars conceptartikelen zijn opgetreden, ook een drietal 'externe' beoordelaars meegewerkt. Onze dank gaat daarbij uit naar Harriëtte Riese, Jan Fekke Ybema en Steven Dhondt.

Using the Social Cognitive Theory as a theoretical framework, this study evaluated a 4-month, individual cognitive-behavioral intervention program to decrease burnout and increase self-efficacy, engagement, and performance among university students. The main objective of the intervention was to decrease the anxiety the students coped with before exams in order to increase their beliefs of self-efficacy. Besides the study group intervened, two control groups were involved (i.e., a “stressed” control group and a “healthy” control group). All 3 groups filled out a questionnaire before the intervention and then again 6 months later (2 months after the intervention was completed). The results show that self-efficacy, engagement and performance increased in the intervened group when compared to both control groups. Regarding burnout, decreases were noted in both the intervened and stressed control groups but not in the healthy control group. The implications of the study are discussed, together with its limitations and suggestions for future research.

This study integrates spillover research of stress transferring from work to home and crossover research of strains transferring from one spouse to another. A spillover and crossover model was tested among 191 (couples of) dual-earner parents. For both males and females, it was hypothesized that (self-reported and partners’ rating of) work-to-family interference (WFI) partially mediates the job demands–job exhaustion relationship, and fully mediates the job demands–life satisfaction relationship. Further, we hypothesized reciprocal crossover effects between both partners’ job exhaustion and life satisfaction. The results of structural equation modeling analyses offered support for the mediating role of WFI although there were genders differences. In addition, we found a crossover path from females’ exhaustion to males’ exhaustion and from males’ life satisfaction to their partners’ life satisfaction. This implies that not only job-related strain, but also positive, context-free well-being may crossover among partners.

Objectives To validate a simplified version of the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System, the TISS-28, and to determine the association of TISS-28 with the time spent on scored and nonscored nursing activities. Design Prospective, multicenter study. Setting Twenty-two adult medical, surgical, and general Dutch intensive care units (ICUs). Patients A total of 903 patients consecutively admitted to the ICUs. Interventions TISS-28 was constructed from a random sample of 10,000 records of TISS-76 items. The respective weights were calculated using multivariable regression analysis through the origin; TISS-76 scores were used as predicted values. Cross validation was performed in another random sample of 10,000 records and the scores of TISS-76 were compared with those scores obtained with TISS-28 (r equals .96, r sup 2 equals .93). Nursing activities in the ICU were inventoried and divided into six categories:a) activities in TISS-28; b) patient care activities not in TISS-28; c) indirect patient care (activities related to but not in direct contact with the patient, such as contact with family, maintaining supplies); d) organizational activities (e.g., meetings, trainee supervision, research); e) personal activities (for the nurse him/herself, such as taking a break, going to the bathroom); f) other. During a 1-month period, TISS-76 and TISS-28 scores were determined daily from the patient's records by independent raters. During a 1-wk period, all of the nurses on duty scored their activities using a method called "work sampling." Measurements and Main Results The analysis of validation included 1,820 valid pairs of TISS-76 and TISS-28 records. The mean value of TISS-28 (28.8 plus minus 11.1) was higher (p less than .00) than that value of TISS-76 (24.2 plus minus 10.2). TISS-28 explained 86% of the variation in TISS-76 (r equals .93, r2 equals .86). "Work sampling" generated 10,079 registrations of nursing activities, of which 5,530 could be matched with TISS-28 records. Samples were taken from medical (19.3%), surgical (19.1%), and general (61.6%) ICUs. Of these samples, 51.1% originated from university hospitals, 35.8% from hospitals with more than 500 beds, 7.1% from hospitals with 300 to 500 beds, and 5.8% from hospitals with less than 300 beds. Samples were scored in the morning (43.0%), evening (32.9%), and night shifts (24.1%). This sample of work activities was divided into four groups, according to their matched TISS scores (0 to 20, 20 to 35, 35 to 60, and more than 60 points). In the successive groups of TISS scores, there was a significant increase in the proportion of time spent on the activities scored with TISS-28. In the lower TISS score group (0 to 20 points), there was a significantly larger proportion of time allocated to patient care activities not in TISS-28. There was no significant difference in the proportion of time spent when associating indirect patient care and organizational activities with the level of TISS score. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of time spent on personal activities in the successive groups of TISS scores. The mean time spent per shift with personal activities varied between 1 hr and 40 mins (group 0 to 20 points TISS), and 1 hr and 16 mins (group more than 60 points TISS). Significantly more time was used for patient care activities during the evening shift than during the day or the night shift. Conversely, nurses spent significantly less time on activities regarding their personal care during the evening shift. The time consumed for the activities of indirect patient care did not differ significantly among the three shifts. A typical nurse was capable of delivering work equal to 46.35 TISS-28 points per shift (one TISS-28 point equals 10.6 mins of each nurse's shift). Conclusions The simplified TISS-28 explains 86% of the variation in TISS-76 and can therefore replace the original version in the clinical practice in the ICU. Per shift, a typical nurse is capable of delivering nursing activities equal to 46 TISS-28 points. This information, together with the information concerning the association of TISS score with the time spent in the various nursing activities within the ICU, is relevant to the management of nursing manpower in the ICU. (Crit Care Med 1996; 24:64-73)

a tab delimited flat file (SDRF file) describing the experimental details for human tissue samples for the standard protocol of the HeliScopeCAGE protocol

No abstract is provided for this article.

No abstract is provided for this article.