Publications

Kiwa is a membrane-embedded defense supercomplex activated at phage attachment sites

Additional file 4: Figure S1. of Screening and characterization of novel specific peptides targeting MDA-MB-231 claudin-low breast carcinoma by computer-aided phage display methodologies

Flow cytometry results, in terms of percentage of binding, of the phage pool from the last round of 12-mer conventional panning against normal breast cell line MCF-10-2A, breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, Hs 578 T and MDA-MB-435 cell line [19]. Statistically significant (P) differences are represented by ***. (DOCX 43 kb)

A methylome-derived m6-dAMP trigger assembles a PUA-Cal-HAD immune filament that depletes dNTPs to abort phage infection

Bacteria must distinguish phage attack from normal homeostatic processes, yet the danger signals that trigger many defence systems remain unknown. Here, we show that a PUA-Calcineurin-CE-HAD module from Escherichia coli ECOR28 confers broad anti-phage protection by binding Dam-methylated deoxyadenosine monophosphate (m6-dAMP) generated during phage-induced chromosome degradation. Ligand binding converts a preassembled PUA-Calcineurin-CE hexamer loaded with six HAD phosphatases into a polymerising filament. The filament acts as a high-flux dNTP sink through a two-enzyme cascade: HAD first dephosphorylates dATP to dADP, and Calcineurin-CE then converts dADP to dAMP. dNTP collapse halts phage replication and enforces abortive infection. Multiple mobile-element DNA mimic proteins block filament assembly, revealing a direct phage counter-defence. More broadly, our findings extend a conserved, cross-kingdom paradigm of immune filament assembly to nucleotide-depletion antiviral defence and suggest modified-nucleotide sensing by related PUA-Calcineurin-CE modules as a widespread, underappreciated bacterial strategy.

Additional file 3: Table S4. of Screening and characterization of novel specific peptides targeting MDA-MB-231 claudin-low breast carcinoma by computer-aided phage display methodologies

Data collected for potential biomarkers of breast cancer cells, retrieved from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Uniprot, GenBank, and Protein Data Bank (PDB), with those present in MDA-MB-231 represented in bold. (DOCX 27 kb)