Obwohl die Quantenmechanik sämtliche Gebiete der modernen Physik durchzieht, stoßen wir immer wieder auf Probleme, wenn wir ihre Vorhersagen mit unserer klassischen Anschauung zu verstehen versuchen. Seit einigen Jahren geht der Trend dahin, die seltsam anmutenden Eigenheiten der Quantenwelt ‐ Nichtlokalität, Superpositionsprinzip, Unschärferelation ‐ auszunutzen, um Dinge zu realisieren, die innerhalb der klassischen Physik unmöglich sind. Die Quanten‐Informationsverarbeitung, auch Quantenkommunikation genannt, ist aus diesem Ansatz hervorgegangen; erste Demonstrationsexperimente zum Quantencomputer sowie Quantenkryptographie‐Prototypen haben gezeigt, welches Potential diese Entwicklung birgt [1, 2]. In diesem Artikel verdeutlichen wir, wie die Grundprinzipien der Quantentheorie in der Quantenkryptographie zur Anwendung kommen.
In order to characterize fluorescent light, we present a decay time measurement method based on the use of a commercial photon counting module. This module, adapted for all fiber measurements, is well adapted for the developing field of optodes for chemical and biochemical sensing. Moreover, it improves the detection sensitivity to the femtowatt and picowatt range. It is thus possible to excite the fluorescence with very low power pump pulses, down to a few nanowatts, and to measure the temporal distribution of the fluorescent signal. As sources we can use LEDs, or white lamps plus a monochromator, avoiding unwanted phenomena such as saturation, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and excited state absorption (ESA). We obtain a measurement accuracy of 0.1% in a couple of minutes.
The relevance for the classical limit of four different stochastic unravellings of the master equations is illustrated on a classically chaotic kicked anharmonic oscillator.
No abstract is provided for this article.
No abstract is provided for this article.
We demonstrate an implementation of quantum key distribution with continuous variables based on a go-&-return configuration over distances up to 14km. This configuration leads to self-compensation of polarisation and phase fluctuations. We observe a high degree of stability of our set-up over many hours.
We present experimental investigations of two configurations for refractive-index profiling and for geometry measurements of glass-integrated waveguides with the refracted near-field technique. An original configuration is proposed that simplifies the measurement cell and the handling.
This article identifies a series of properties common to all theories that do not allow for superluminal signaling and predict the violation of Bell inequalities. Intrinsic randomness, uncertainty due to the incompatibility of two observables, monogamy of correlations, impossibility of perfect cloning, privacy of correlations, bounds in the shareability of some states; all these phenomena are solely a consequence of the no-signaling principle and nonlocality. In particular, it is shown that for any distribution, the properties of (i) nonlocal, (ii) no arbitrarily shareable and (iii) positive secrecy content are equivalent.
We study the problem of secret key distillation from bipartite states in the scenario where Alice and Bob can perform measurements only at the single-copy level and classically process the obtained outcomes. Even with these limitations, secret bits can be asymptotically distilled by the honest parties from any two-qubit entangled state, under any individual attack. Our results point out a complete equivalence between two-qubit entanglement and secure key distribution: a key can be established through a one-qubit channel if and only if it allows one to distribute entanglement. These results can be generalized to a higher dimension for all those states that are one-copy distillable.
