Publications

A Modified Exercise-induced Feeling Inventory for Chronic Training and Baseline Profiles of Participants in the Activity Counseling Trial

An earlier study reported on the development of a scale to measure feeling states during acute bouts of exercise: the Exercise-induced Feeling Inventory (EFI-A). The present study reports on the psychometric properties of a revised scale to assess responses to habitual or chronic physical activity: the EFI-C. The EFI-C was administered during baseline testing to 830 sedentary men and women patients with a mean age of 51.5 years. Factor analytic procedures revealed that the EFI-C consisted of two factors, one assessing pleasant feeling states and a second that taps the unpleasant experience of physical exhaustion. Both subscales have excellent internal consistency reliability coefficients (0.90) and are reasonably stable over time, having test–retest coefficients in excess of 0.70. The scales correlated in expected directions with related constructs and in preliminary analyses showed an anticipated pattern of sensitivity to physical activity interventions. Mean scores for various demographic groups are reported. Future research should examine whether the EFI-C is a predictor of adherence to physical activity and its potential role in mediating the positive mental health effects of physical activity.

Assessing District Administrators' Perceptions of Elementary School Physical Education

No abstract is provided for this article.

Perceived Environments As Physical Activity Correlates and Moderators of Intervention in Five Studies

Few studies have explored how relationships of perceived environment and physical activity vary across different activity domains and populations. This question was explored in five physical activity intervention trials funded by the National Institutes of Health Behavior Change Consortium.Observational.San Francisco peninsula, California (N = 94); Eugene, Oregon (N = 122); Atlanta, Georgia (N = 256); Kingston, Rhode Island (N = 109); Memphis, Tennessee (N = 64).Ethnically diverse community adults ages 18 to 85 years.The Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale and CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire. Response rate among those invited to complete these measures was 90%.Cross-sectional pooled signal detection analysis indicated that people who reported living in neighborhoods with more attractive scenery and ease of walking were more likely to meet national physical activity recommendations (67%) compared with those without these neighborhood attributes (36%; chi2 = 13.04, p = .0003). Within-site multiple regression identified two additional variables--seeing others when walking and encountering loose dogs that make it difficult to walk--as correlates across multiple sites and activity domains (i.e., minutes of weekly moderate or more vigorous activity, walking for errands, walking leisurely) (incremental R2 = 2.0-7.5; p < .05). Analyses of covariance suggested that traffic safety might be particularly important in facilitating or impeding physical activity in response to a formal intervention (for traffic-arm assignment interactions, F = 3.8-7.0, p < or = .05).Relationships between perceived environments and physical activity may differ depending upon population groups and activity domains and merit investigation by using stronger prospective designs.

Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018

Protein kinase A and C site-specific phosphorylations of LAP (NF-IL6) modulate its binding affinity to DNA recognition elements.

LAP (NF-IL6 or C/EBP beta), is a liver transcriptional activator protein that confers liver-specific gene expression. Because LAP has a characteristic phosphoacceptor sequence for cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), we tested if in vitro phosphorylation of LAP by PKA modulates its interaction with specific DNA sequences. The major PKA phosphorylation site of LAP was identified as Ser105, which is a predicted PKA site. As expected, this PKA phosphorylation site disappears after mutation of Ser105 to Ala. Kinetic studies with LAP and LAP Asp105 (which mimics a phosphoserine residue) demonstrated that phosphorylation of Ser105 itself has no effect on DNA binding. Phosphorylation of other sites by PKA, identified in the region between Ser173 and Ser223 and at Ser240, by analysis of truncated and mutated LAP peptides, resulted in an inhibition of DNA binding. LAP was also phosphorylated by purified protein kinase C in vitro, and the major phosphoacceptor was shown to be Ser240 within the DNA-binding domain of LAP. Phosphorylation of LAP at this residue or introduction of a Ser240 to Asp mutation resulted in marked decrease in its binding to DNA. These results suggest that site-specific phosphorylations of LAP modulate transactivation of its target genes.

Interactive Effects of Built Environment and Psychosocial Attributes on Physical Activity: A Test of Ecological Models

BackgroundThe principle of cross-level interactions of influence on behavior in ecological models is seldom studied.

Perceived Neighborhood Environmental Factors That Maximize the Effectiveness of a Multilevel Intervention Promoting Physical Activity Among Latinas

Purpose: This study tested whether a multilevel physical activity (PA) intervention had differential effects on PA according to participants’ perceptions of their neighborhood environment. Design: Two-group cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting: San Diego, California. Subjects: Analytical sample included 319 Latinas (18-65 years) from churches randomized to the following conditions: PA (n = 8 churches, n = 157 participants) or attention control (n = 8 churches, n = 162 participants). Intervention: Over 12 months, PA participants were offered free PA classes (6/wk), while attention control participants were offered cancer prevention workshops. Measures: Baseline and 12-month follow-up measures included self-report and accelerometer-based moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sociodemographics, and perceived neighborhood environment variables. Analysis: Mixed-effects models examined each PA outcome at 12-month follow-up, adjusted for church clustering, baseline PA, and sociodemographics. We tested interactions between 7 baseline perceived environment variables and study condition. Results: Neighborhood esthetics was the only significant moderator of intervention effects on accelerometer-based MVPA and self-report leisure-time MVPA. Participants in the PA intervention had significantly higher PA at follow-up than attention control participants, only when participants evaluated their neighborhood esthetics favorably. Conclusion: Perceived neighborhood esthetics appeared to maximize the effectiveness of a multilevel PA intervention among Latinas. For sustainable PA behavior change, the environments in which Latinas are encouraged to be active may need to be evaluated prior to implementing an intervention to ensure they support active lifestyles.

Ecological models of health behavior.

The development of self-efficacy scales for healthrelated diet and exercise behaviors

Journal Article The development of self-efficacy scales for healthrelated diet and exercise behaviors Get access James F. Sallis, James F. Sallis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robin B. Pinski, Robin B. Pinski Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robin M. Grossman, Robin M. Grossman 1School of Social Work, San Diego State UniversitySan Diego, CA 92182, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas L. Patterson, Thomas L. Patterson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Philip R. Nader Philip R. Nader Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Health Education Research, Volume 3, Issue 3, September 1988, Pages 283–292, https://doi.org/10.1093/her/3.3.283 Published: 01 September 1988 Article history Received: 14 December 1987 Accepted: 12 May 1988 Published: 01 September 1988

NF-kappa B activation by ultraviolet light not dependent on a nuclear signal

Exposure of mammalian cells to radiation triggers the ultraviolet (UV) response, which includes activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). This was postulated to occur by induction of a nuclear signaling cascade by damaged DNA. Recently, induction of AP-1 by UV was shown to be mediated by a pathway involving Src tyrosine kinases and the Ha-Ras small guanosine triphosphate-binding protein, proteins located at the plasma membrane. It is demonstrated here that the same pathway mediates induction of NF-kappa B by UV. Because inactive NF-kappa B is stored in the cytosol, analysis of its activation directly tests the involvement of a nuclear-initiated signaling cascade. Enucleated cells are fully responsive to UV both in NF-kappa B induction and in activation of another key signaling event. Therefore, the UV response does not require a signal generated in the nucleus and is likely to be initiated at or near the plasma membrane.

Special Issue: Active Living Research - a six-year report.

Self-Administered Physical Activity Checklist

JNK-1 deficiency limits macrophage-mediated antigen-induced arthritis

AIA is dependent on JNK-1, but not JNK-2. JNK-1 is a promising molecular target for reducing autoimmune inflammation, since its inhibition impairs macrophage migration.

Guidelines for data processing analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) - Short and long forms

No abstract is provided for this article.

Urban Form Relationships with Walk Trip Frequency and Distance among Youth

Purpose. To assess the relationship among objectively measured urban form variables, age, and walking in youth. Design. Cross-sectional analyses of travel diary data mapped against urban form characteristics within a 1-km buffer of participant's place of residence. Setting. Youth in the Atlanta, Georgia region with selection stratified by income, household size, and residential density. Subjects. A total of 3161 5- to 20-year-olds who completed 2-day travel diaries. Diaries of those under 15 years were completed by a parent or legal guardian. Measures. Walking distances were calculated from a 2-day travel diary. Residential density, intersection density, land use mix, and commercial and recreation space were assessed within a 1-km network distance around residences. Analysis. Logistic regression analyses were performed for each urban form variable by age groups controlling for the demographic variables. All variables were then entered simultaneously into an analysis of the whole sample. Results. All five urban form variables tested were related to walking. Recreation space was the only variables associated with walking across the four different age groups. All the urban form variables were related to walking in the 12 to 15 years age cohort. For this group, the odds of walking were 3.7 times greater for those in highest- versus lowest-density tertile and 2.6 times greater for those with at least one commercial and 2.5 times greater for those with at least one recreational destination within 1 km from home. In the analysis of the full sample, number of cars, recreation space, and residential density were most strongly related to walking. Conclusions. Access to recreation or open space was the most important urban form variable related to walking for all age groups. Children aged 12 to 15 years old may be particularly influenced by urban form.

Abstract 2247: Platinoid-induced MHCI antigen presentation enables checkpoint inhibitor responsiveness

Abstract Many cancers are refractory to immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), but the causes of ICT resistance remain unknown. Despite low mutational burden, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) responds to PD-1 blockade, but prostate cancer (PCa) does not. RNA-seq analysis revealed that, unlike HCC, PCa cells poorly express MHC-I molecules and components of the MHC-I antigen processing and presentation machinery. We found that treatment of PCa cells and other tumor types with platin-based drugs, especially low dose Oxaliplatin, led to a pronounced upregulation of MHC-I molecules and their antigen generating and loading machinery. Most importantly, Oxaliplatin synergistically potentiated the effect of exogenous IFNγ; a conclusion based on two cumulative observations. First, ATAC-seq analyses revealed that Oxaliplatin activates MHC machinery through different pathways compared to well-known IFNγ signaling. Second, Oxaliplatin upregulates IFNγR2 expression in cancer cells. Induction of IFNγR2, which was needed for Oxaliplatin-potentiation of ICT-induced tumor rejection in vivo, depended on NF-κB signaling. Induction of IFNγR2, which was needed for Oxaliplatin-potentiation of ICT-induced tumor rejection in vivo, depended on NF-κB signaling. Moreover, we found that Oxaliplatin activates histone acetyltransferases (HATs) which alter chromatin structure of genes encoding MHC-I complex components, thereby enabling recruitment of a diverse array of activating transcription factors. Our data indicates that combining ICT with an appropriate low dose platinoid chemotherapeutic agent is useful in reinvigorating the immune response to tumors that have escaped immune destruction due to MHC-I downregulation and do not respond to single agent therapy. Citation Format: Ingmar Niels Bastian, Weihua Li, Qui Phung, Kathleen Fisch, Jennie Lill, Michael Karin, Shabnam Shalapour. Platinoid-induced MHCI antigen presentation enables checkpoint inhibitor responsiveness [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2247.

Abstract IA014: Collagen cleavage controls PDAC metabolism and malignancy via a DDR1-NRF2 cascade and mitochondrial biogenesis

Abstract PDAC is distinct by being highly desmoplastic, due to the activation and eventual infiltration of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) they produce, which is mainly composed of collagen type I (Col I). The role of fibroblasts and collagen in PDAC pathology is highly contentious, ranging from tumor stimulatory to tumor inhibitory. Using mouse models and human specimens we found that the way in which Col I affects PDAC progression, metabolism and its response to therapy is highly dependent on its cleavage by matrix metalloproteases (MMP). Whereas noncleaved Col I inhibits PDAC metabolism, inhibits human and mouse PDAC growth in mice and is correlated with improved survival after surgical resection, MMP generated Col I fragments stimulate tumor metabolism and growth and correlate with poor post-resection survival. These differential activities of cleaved and noncleaved Col I depend on its interactions with the receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1. Whereas MMP-generated Col I binds DDR1 and activates it, intact Col I induces DDR1 degradation. By activating DDR1, cleaved Col I triggers an NF-kB-p62-NRF2 signaling cascade, whose major efferent, NRF2, controls many aspects of PDAC metabolism, including macropinocytosis, aerobic glycolysis, respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis. Inhibitors of NRF2 and mitochondrial biogenesis induce regression of established PDAC in-vivo and compromise its growth and survival in-vitro. Citation Format: Michael Karin, Hua Su. Collagen cleavage controls PDAC metabolism and malignancy via a DDR1-NRF2 cascade and mitochondrial biogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr IA014.

Attitudes and practices of physicians regarding hypertension and smoking: The Stanford five city project

A survey was sent to 318 physicians in Monterey County, California, to assess their attitudes and practices regarding hypertension and cigarette smoking. After three mailings, 62% returned completed questionnaires. Eight percent of the respondents were smokers, 5% were women, and 34% were in primary care specialties. Older physicians and primary care specialists were less aggressive in their treatment of high blood pressure, but none of the assessed attitudes was significantly associated with treatment practice. Only half of the sample advised all patients to quit smoking. Physicians who doubted the effectiveness of their anti-smoking advice or who did not know what to say to smoking patients were less likely to provide advice. Most physicians felt that their smoking patients lacked sufficient motivation to quit. Programs to encourage physicians to increase smoking cessation activities should address these attitudes.