Abstract Als Oxidationsmittel für Alkohole (II) bzw. (IV) kann ein polymeres Polyvinylpyridinchlorchromat (I) eingesetzt werden, das aus einem schwach vernetzten Polyvinylpyridin mit HCl und Chromsäureanhydrid erhalten wird.
This novel book introduces cellular automata from a rigorous nonlinear dynamics perspective. It supplies the missing link between nonlinear differential and difference equations to discrete symbolic analysis. A surprisingly useful interpretations of cellular automata in terms of neural networks is also given. The book provides a scientifically sound and original analysis, and classifications of the empirical results presented in Wolfram s monumental New Kind of Science. Volume 2: From Bernoulli Shift to 1/f Spectrum; Fractals Everywhere; From Time-Reversible Attractors to the Arrow of Time; Mathematical Foundation of Bernoulli -Shift Maps; The Arrow of Time; Concluding Remarks.
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
view Abstract Citations (27) References (18) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Evidence for MG II lambda 2798 Profile Differences in the Gravitationally Lensed QSO 2237+0305A, B Filippenko, Alexei V. Abstract Long-slit near-infrared CCD spectra of the gravitational lens system 2237+0305 confirm that at least three of the four starlike images in the central region of the z = 0.0394 galaxy are QSOs with redshift 1.696+/-0.001. The high-quality Mg II λ2798 data for components A and B yield a relative velocity definitely smaller than 150 km s^-1^, and possibly <~ 50 km s^-1^. There are, however, slight differences in the Mg II profiles of A and B. The intrinsic variability time scale of typical QSOs is much longer than the maximum relative time delay between A and B. Hence, the most likely explanation is that the two images sample different portions of the QSO's broad-line region. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: March 1989 DOI: 10.1086/185398 Bibcode: 1989ApJ...338L..49F Keywords: Galactic Nuclei; Gravitational Lenses; Quasars; Red Shift; Spiral Galaxies; Charge Coupled Devices; Interstellar Extinction; Stellar Spectra; Astrophysics; GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; QUASARS full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (3) NED (2)
Abstract CO 2 production in terrestrial ecosystems is generally assumed to be solely biologically driven while the role of abiotic processes has been largely overlooked. In addition to microbial decomposition, photodegradation – the direct breakdown of organic matter (OM) by solar irradiance – has been found to contribute to litter mass loss in dry ecosystems. Previous small‐scale studies have shown that litter degradation by irradiance is accompanied by emissions of CO 2 . However, the contribution of photodegradation to total CO 2 losses at ecosystems scales is unknown. This study determined the proportion of the total CO 2 losses caused by photodegradation in two ecosystems: a bare peatland in New Zealand and a seasonally dry grassland in California. The direct effect of solar irradiance on CO 2 production was examined by comparing daytime CO 2 fluxes measured using eddy covariance (EC) systems with simultaneous measurements made using an opaque chamber and the soil CO 2 gradient technique, and with night‐time EC measurements under the same soil temperature and moisture conditions. In addition, a transparent chamber was used to directly measure CO 2 fluxes from OM caused by solar irradiance. Photodegradation contributed 19% of the annual CO 2 flux from the peatland and almost 60% of the dry season CO 2 flux from the grassland, and up to 62% and 92% of the summer mid‐day CO 2 fluxes, respectively. Our results suggest that photodegradation may be important in a wide range of ecosystems with exposed OM. Furthermore, the practice of partitioning daytime ecosystem CO 2 exchange into its gross components by assuming that total daytime CO 2 losses can be approximated using estimates of biological respiration alone may be in error. To obtain robust estimates of global ecosystem–atmosphere carbon transfers, the contribution of photodegradation to OM decomposition must be quantified for other ecosystems and the results incorporated into coupled carbon–climate models.
Recently, a new class of biocompatible elastic polymers loaded with small ferrous particles (magnetoelastomer) was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA. This new material was formed as a thin film using spin casting. The deformation of this material using a magnetic field has many possible applications to microfluidics. Two methods will be used to calculate the deformation of a circular magnetoelastomeric film subjected to a magnetic field. The first method is an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) finite-element method (FEM) and the second is based on nonlinear continuum electromagnetism and continuum elasticity in the membrane limit. The comparison of these two methods is used to test/validate the FEM.
Although the social sciences have made extensive use of the term ??ghetto' as a descriptive term, they have failed to forge a robust analytical concept of the same, relying instead on the folk notions taken for granted at each epoch in the society under examination. This article constructs a relational concept of the ghetto as a Janus-faced instrument of ethnoracial closure and control by drawing on the historiography of the Jewish diaspora in Renaissance Europe, the sociology of the black American experience in the Fordist metropolis, and the anthropology of ethnic outcasts in East Asia. This reveals that a ghetto is a social-organizational device composed of four elements (stigma, constraint, spatial confinement, and institutional compartmentalization) that employs space to reconcile the two antinomic purposes of economic exploitation and social ostracization. The ghetto is not a ??natural area' coterminous with ??history of migration' (as Louis Wirth argued), but a special form of collective violence concretized in urban space. Articulating the concept of ghetto makes it possible to disentangle the relationship between ghettoization, urban poverty, and segregation, and to clarify the structural and functional differences between ghettos and ethnic clusters. It also enables us to spotlight the role of the ghetto as a symbolic incubator and matrix for the production of a spoiled identity, and suggests that it should be studied by analogy with other institutions for the forced confinement of dispossessed and dishonored groups such as the reservation, the refugee camp, and the prison.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
