Chapter 3 explores memory. It outlines the nature of memory (implicit and explicit, perceptually-driven and conceptually-driven tasks, working memory, verbally accessible and situationally accessible memories), stimuli and selective memory, and the influence on memory of anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, eating disorders, mood disorders, and substance-related disorders. Overgeneral memory, avoidant encoding and retrieval, recurrent memories are also discussed, as well as clinical implications.
Rapid advances in 2D perception have led to systems that accurately detect objects in real-world images. However, these systems make predictions in 2D, ignoring the 3D structure of the world. Concurrently, advances in 3D shape prediction have mostly focused on synthetic benchmarks and isolated objects. We unify advances in these two areas. We propose a system that detects objects in real-world images and produces a triangle mesh giving the full 3D shape of each detected object. Our system, called Mesh R-CNN, augments Mask R-CNN with a mesh prediction branch that outputs meshes with varying topological structure by first predicting coarse voxel representations which are converted to meshes and refined with a graph convolution network operating over the mesh's vertices and edges. We validate our mesh prediction branch on ShapeNet, where we outperform prior work on single-image shape prediction. We then deploy our full Mesh R-CNN system on Pix3D, where we jointly detect objects and predict their 3D shapes.
Rotating equipment, such as turbo-generator rotors used for automotive electrical power generator and transmission shafts, are often subjected to transient high-amplitude torsional oscillations that may severely limit the useful life of the structure through subcritical crack growth of undetected flaws. High strain amplitudes, approaching full-scale yielding of the shaft, can arise following electrical transients from particular line switching events in electric power generation and transmission systems. At such high torques, fatigue growth occurs in antiplane shear along transverse and/or longitudinal shear planes. The objective of this report is to provide an experimental and theoretical basis for characterizing antiplane shear fatigue crack growth under both small-scale yielding and elastic-plastic conditions in a low-strength, low-alloy steel. The approach combines continuum fracture mechanics and preliminary mechanistic modeling to serve as a framework for the development of defect-tolerant life estimation procedures for components loaded to high torques.
The influence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), diethyl sulfoxide (DESO), tetramethylene sulfoxide (TMSO), and tetramethylene sulfone (TMSO 2 ) on the temperature of maximum density of water bas been investigated. It is concluded that in dilute solution DESO stabilizes the characteristic three-dimensional structure of water. The other solutes, however, destabilize the structure of water over the entire concentration range studied (0–1.3 × 10 −2 mole fraction solute).
No abstract is provided for this article.
In this paper we discuss the pivotal role played by Sir John Pendry in the development of low energy electron diffraction (LEED) during the past three decades: the earliest understanding of the physics of LEED to the development of sophisticated methods for the structural solution of complex surfaces.
The microstructural basis of cyclic fatigue-crack propagation in grain-bridging ceramics is investigated for monolithic, hot-pressed alumina and silicon nitride. In both materials, rates of subcritical crack growth under cyclic loads are observed to be many orders of magnitude faster than corresponding growth rates under monotonic loading at equivalent stress-intensity levels. This behaviour is attributed to diminished crack-tip shielding under cyclic loads caused by a degradation of the grain-bridging zone in the wake of the crack tip associated with frictional wear at the grain/matrix interface; the reduced shielding acts locally to enhance the crack-tip driving force in cyclic fatigue. Micromechanical modelling of this process is shown to be consistent with fractographic and in situ crack-profile analyses. The effect on crack-growth rates of microstructural and mechanical variables are examined in light of this mechanism.
