The varied papers gathered by Douglas Thompkins and his collaborators in the special Forum of Dialectical Anthropology on prison reentry offer a kaleidoscopic set of views "from below" of the post-custodial trajectories of American convicts. Prison Industrial Complex is based on a loose analogy with MIC, the "Military Industrial Complex" alleged to have driven the expansion of America's warfare economy during the Cold War era. The multisided and multiscalar involvement of the state in the production and regulation of urban marginality implies that, to properly anatomize the structure and functioning of post-custodial oversight. The ceremonial deployment of reentry programs effectively decouples the web of economic, social, urban, and justice policies that absolve the prison from the handling of convicts after incarceration. The so-called Prison Industrial Complex is organizationally antithetical, not analogous, to its alleged precursor, the Military Industrial Complex; it composes a negligible part of the contemporary economy, and not one of its central planks.
The UG-2 chromitite layer in the upper critical zone of the Rustenburg Layered Suite is one of the prominent platinum-group element enrichment zones of the c . 2.06 Ga Bushveld Complex (South Africa). Eleven biotite crystals were selected from a production concentrate from the Impala Platinum mine and degassed incrementally with a CO 2 laser. The apparent age spectra display widely varying characteristics, ranging from essentially 100% concordant to strongly discordant (in some cases undulatory) as a result of various degrees of chloritization of the grains. The least discordant spectra (seven grains, 90–100% 39 Ar released) yield integrated and plateau ages ranging from 2037 to 2049 Ma (relative to the Fish Canyon sanidine standard at 28.02 Ma) and share a weighted mean age of 2042.4 ± 3.2 Ma (2σ, excluding systematic errors). This age is slightly younger than existing constraints from U–Pb dating ( c . 2055–2061 Ma), which seem to indicate a cooling rate of around 20 °C/Ma. However, the recently inferred c . 1% bias between currently used calibrations of the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and U–Pb systems implies a very rapid cooling rate for the Bushveld Complex between 700 and <500 °C. The possibility of subtle bias as a result of recoil artefacts must be considered. In all cases, the heterogeneous age spectra yielded older apparent plateau ages, revealing the likelihood for erroneous conclusions to be drawn from less complete data sets.
The effect of lattice vibrations on the ordering tendencies and phase stability of substitutional binary alloys is analyzed. The alloy Hamiltonian is cast onto an Ising-like Hamiltonian through a cluster expansion of the vibrational free energy computed in the harmonic approximation. The temperature dependence of the vibrational effective cluster interactions (VECI's) is found for a general d-dimensional alloy. Analytic results for the VECI's for d=1 are derived. It is argued that the vibrations can have pronounced effects on the phase diagram and on the short-range order at high temperatures.
The hospital of the future will have to be part of a system or network which will provide a continuum of care in primary care services, acute in-patient care and post-hospital care. Additionally, hospitals will become increasingly diversified and, at the same time, integrated, not only horizontally but more importantly, vertically. This amalgamation will be achieved either by acting alone or by a joint venture with another group, through shared services or through contract management. Technology and computerization will play an even larger role than currently, and there will be tremendous demands placed on the micro and macro levels of management partnership.
Scalable reliable multicast (SRM) is a framework for reliable multicast delivery. In order to maximize the collaboration among the group members in error recovery, both retransmission requests and replies are multicast to the entire group. While SRM effectively uses random timers to suppress duplicate requests and replies, the global nature of the request and replies means that every packet loss results in at least one request and reply message sent to the entire group. To further improve the scalability of SRM, one must localize the scope of error recovery traffic. In this paper, we present two approaches to local recovery: hop-based scope control and use of local recovery groups. The first approach uses hop count to limit the distribution of requests and replies whereas the second approach confines error recovery traffic using separately addressed local recovery groups. The local recovery groups and hop count settings are automatically created and dynamically adjusted based on observed loss patterns. The use simulation experiments to examine the performance of both approaches.
