Publications

This article examines the workings and effects of the penalization of poverty in urban Brazil at century's turn to uncover the deep logic of punitive containment as state strategy for the management of dispossessed and dishonored populations in the polarizing city in the age of triumphant neoliberalism. It shows how ramifying criminal violence (fed by extreme inequality and mass poverty), class and color discrimination in judicial processing, unchecked police brutality, and the catastrophic condition and chaotic operation of the carceral system combine to make the aggressive deployment of the penal apparatus in Brazil a surefire recipe for further disorder and disrespect for the law at the bottom of the urban hierarchy and steers the country into an institutional impasse. The policy of punitive containment pursued by political elites as a complement to the deregulation of the economy in the 1990s leads from the penalization to the militarization of urban marginality, under which residents of the declining favelas are treated as virtual enemies of the nation, tenuous trust in public institutions is undermined, and the spiral of violence accelerated. Brazil thus serves as a historical revelator of the full consequences of the penal disposal of the human detritus of a society swamped by social and physical insecurity. Drawing parallels between penal activity in the Brazilian and the U.S. metropolis further reveals that the neighborhoods of urban relegation wherein the marginal and stigmatized fractions of the postindustrial working class concentrate are the prime targets and proving ground upon which the neoliberal penal state is concretely being assembled, tried, and tested. Their study is therefore of urgent interest to analysts of international politics and state power at the dawn of the twenty-first century.

Excessive loading of fine sediments into western rivers has degraded spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids, and contributed substantially to their declines. Impacts on salmon redds have been studied extensively, but effects on juvenile rearing are less well documented. In a field experiment in the South Fork Eel River, we investigated the impacts of deposited fine sediment on juvenile steelhead. Our experimental design allowed us to isolate the effects of fine bed sediments from other covarying factors and to reveal the mechanisms of their effects. Increasing levels of embeddedness with deposited fine sediment (from zero to 100%) decreased growth and survival of juvenile steelhead trout. The nearly linear decreases in growth resulted from decreased food availability and metabolic costs of increased activity and intraspecific aggression. The invertebrate community changed from one of more available prey to one of unavailable burrowing taxa with higher levels of deposited fine sediment. Steelhead in more heavily embedded channels showed more continuous movement and aggression and higher incidence of injury. This study shows a direct impact of riverbed composition on salmonid rearing success, which has been identified as a life history bottleneckby models informing efforts to recover these populations.

In this paper, we use the concept of practical stabilization of impulsive differential equations for controlling nonautonomous chaotic systems. Instead of controlling a chaotic system to a point as in the case of asymptotic stabilization, the aim of practical control is to stabilize a chaotic system into a small region of phase space. This method is useful to control a chaotic system into a prescribed region. We present the theory of controlling a nonautonomous chaotic system into a small region around the origin and illustrate the method on Duffing's oscillator.

Abstract California is expected to experience great spatial/temporal variations evaporation. These variations arise from strong north‐south, east‐west gradients in rainfall and vegetation, strong interannual variability in rainfall (±30%) and strong seasonal variability in the supply and demand for moisture. We used the Breathing Earth System Simulator to evaluate the rates and sums of evaporation across California, over the 2001–2017 period. Breathing Earth System Simulator is a bottom‐up, biophysical model that couples subroutines that calculate the surface energy balance, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance. The model is forced with high‐resolution remote sensing data (1 km).The questions we address are as follows: How much water is evaporated across the natural and managed ecosystems of California? How much does evaporation vary during the booms and busts in annual rainfall? and Is evaporation increasing with time due to a warming climate? Mean annual evaporation, averaged over the 2001–2017 period, was relatively steady (393 ± 21 mm/year) given the high interannual variation in precipitation (519 ± 140 mm/year). No significant trend in evaporation at the statewide level was detected over this time period, despite a background of a warming climate. Irrigated agricultural crops and orchards, at 1‐km scale, use less water than inferred estimates for individual fields. This leaves the potential for sharing water, a scarce resource, more equitably among competing stakeholders, for example, farms, fish, people, and ecosystems.

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Este articulo relata como asumi el oficio etnografico, tropezando con el gimnasio de boxeo en Chicago, que es el escenario y el caracter central de mi estudio del boxeador profesional en el gueto negro norteamericano, y como disene el libro Entre las cuerdas tanto para desarrollar metodologicamente como para elaborar empiricamente el concepto clave de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu. Habitus es el topico de investigacion: el libro hace la diseccion de la forja de las disposiciones corporales y mentales que componen al pugilista competitivo en el crisol del gimnasio. Pero tambien es la herramienta de investigacion: la adquisicion practica de aquellas disposiciones por parte del analista tiene la funcion de vehiculo tecnico para penetrar mejor en su produccion social y su ensamblaje. El aprendizaje del sociologo es un espejo metodologico del aprendizaje experimentado por los sujetos empiricos del estudio; el primero es extraido para excavar mas profundamente en el ultimo y desenterrar su logica interna y sus propiedades subterraneas, y ambos a su vez prueban la robustez y fecundidad del habitus como guia para sondear las fuentes de la conducta social. Apropiadamente utilizado, el habitus no solo ilumina la abigarrada logica de la accion social, tambien fundamenta las variadas virtudes de la profunda inmersion en, y el entreveramiento carnal con, el objeto de la investigacion etnografica

Abstract Hydrodynamic pressures and structural response of concrete gravity dams, including dam‐reservoir interaction, due to the vertical component of earthquake ground motions are investigated. The response of the dam is approximated by the deformations in the fundamental mode of vibration, and the effects of deformability of bed rock on hydrodynamic pressures are recognized in the analysis. Expressions for the complex frequency response functions for the dam displacement, dam acceleration and lateral hydrodynamic force are derived. These results along with the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm are utilized to compute the time‐history of responses of dams of 100, 300 and 600 ft height, with full reservoir, for different values of elastic modulus of mass concrete: 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 million psi, to the vertical component of El Centro, 1940, and Taft, 1952, ground motions. It is concluded that the hydrodynamic forces caused by vertical ground motion are affected substantially by damreservoir interaction and depend strongly on the modulus of elasticity of the dam. The dam response to the vertical component of ground motion is compared with that due to the horizontal component. It is concluded that because the vertical component of ground motion causes significant hydrodynamic forces in the horizontal direction on a vertical upstream face, responses to the vertical component of ground motion are of special importance in analysis of concrete gravity dams subjected to earthquakes.