Publications

Effects of polar solvents on the fracture resistance of dentin: Role of water hydration

Although healthy dentin is invariably hydrated in vivo, from a perspective of examining the mechanisms of fracture in dentin, it is interesting to consider the role of water hydration. Furthermore, it is feasible that exposure to certain polar solvents, e.g., those found in clinical adhesives, can induce dehydration. In the present study, in vitro deformation and fracture experiments, the latter involving a resistance-curve (R-curve) approach (i.e., toughness evolution with crack extension), were conducted in order to assess changes in the constitutive and fracture behavior induced by three common solvents - acetone, ethanol and methanol. In addition, nanoindentation-based experiments to evaluate the deformation behavior at the level of individual collagen fibers and ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy to evaluate changes in bonding were performed. The results indicate a reversible effect of chemical dehydration, with increased fracture resistance, strength, and stiffness associated with lower hydrogen bonding ability of the solvent. These results are analyzed both in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic toughening phenomena to further understand the micromechanisms of fracture in dentin and the specific role of water hydration.

Evidence for a Possible Link between Bedtime and Change in Body Mass Index

The results highlight bedtimes as a potential target for weight management during adolescence and during the transition to adulthood.

Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Actin Glutathionylation Controls Actin Dynamics in Neutrophils

Abstract 6104: Comparative evaluation of CAR-expressing T-, NK-, NKT-cells and macrophages in an immunocompetent mouse glioma model

Abstract While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are promising, there is a rapidly growing interest in developing other CAR-expressing immune cells. However, to date, no reported studies evaluated these cells side-by-side in immune-competent glioma models. We developed a novel transgenic mouse strain with all hematopoietic cells expressing EGFRvIII-targeting CAR, allowing for rigorous evaluations of CAR-NK, CAR-NKT, and CAR-macrophages compared to CAR-T-cells in a syngeneic mouse SB28-EGFRVIII glioma model. CAR-NK and CAR-NKT-cells demonstrated anti-tumor effects comparable to CAR-T-cells in vitro. A single intratumoral administration of CAR-T and CAR-NKT-cells in combination mediated superior therapeutic efficacy compared to CAR-T-cells or CAR-NKT-cells alone. A single intravenous infusion of CAR-NK-cells following lymphodepletion failed to mediate significant anti-glioma effects associated with inferior persistence to CAR-T cells. Additionally, intratumoral injection of CAR-NK-cells did not confer therapeutic benefit. Contrary to previous reports using human macrophages, CAR-macrophages did not demonstrate enhanced antigen-presentation activity against glioma cells compared to non-CAR macrophages. Intratumorally administered CAR-macrophages failed to demonstrate local persistence or anti-tumor effects in vivo. These data provide a valuable basis as to which CAR-expressing immune cells can mediate effective anti-glioma response in an immuno-competent glioma environment. Our data also suggest that a combination of CAR-T and CAR-NKT-cells may represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Citation Format: Payal B. Watchmaker, Ryusuke Hatae, Akane Yamamichi, Keith Kyewalabye, Kaori Okada, Su Phyu, Yitzhar Goretsky, Jeffrey Haegelin, Psalm Pineo Cavanaugh, Marco Gallus, Lan Phung, Tiffany Chen, Hayou Long, Pavlina Chuntova, David H. Raulet, Masaki Terabe, Hideho Okada. Comparative evaluation of CAR-expressing T-, NK-, NKT-cells and macrophages in an immunocompetent mouse glioma model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 6104.

Microindentation for in vivo measurement of bone tissue mechanical properties in humans

Bone tissue mechanical properties are deemed a key component of bone strength, but their assessment requires invasive procedures. Here we validate a new instrument, a reference point indentation (RPI) instrument, for measuring these tissue properties in vivo. The RPI instrument performs bone microindentation testing (BMT) by inserting a probe assembly through the skin covering the tibia and, after displacing periosteum, applying 20 indentation cycles at 2 Hz each with a maximum force of 11 N. We assessed 27 women with osteoporosis-related fractures and 8 controls of comparable ages. Measured total indentation distance (46.0 ± 14 versus 31.7 ± 3.3 µm, p = .008) and indentation distance increase (18.1 ± 5.6 versus 12.3 ± 2.9 µm, p = .008) were significantly greater in fracture patients than in controls. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the two measurements were 93.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83.1–100) and 90.3% (95% CI 73.2–100), respectively. Interobserver coefficient of variation ranged from 8.7% to 15.5%, and the procedure was well tolerated. In a separate study of cadaveric human bone samples (n = 5), crack growth toughness and indentation distance increase correlated (r = –0.9036, p = .018), and scanning electron microscope images of cracks induced by indentation and by experimental fractures were similar. We conclude that BMT, by inducing microscopic fractures, directly measures bone mechanical properties at the tissue level. The technique is feasible for use in clinics with good reproducibility. It discriminates precisely between patients with and without fragility fracture and may provide clinicians and researchers with a direct in vivo measurement of bone tissue resistance to fracture. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Social-Ecological Controls Over Earth-System Stewardship: a Framework for Sustainability in a Rapidly Changing World

Supernova 2009li in IC 1549

Passivity Breakdown and the Evolution of Localized Corrosion Damage on Type 316L Stainless Steel

Passivity breakdown on Type 316L stainless steel in the presence of C1¯ and NO¯3 species has been studied and the data are interpreted in terms of the Point Defect Model. Linear relationships between the breakdown potential (Vc) and log ([C1¯]) and log ([C1¯]/[NO¯3]), as predicted by the PDM are found experimentally. The interfacial reaction, in which a cation is ejected from the barrier layer to form the surface vacancy pair, is found to be a charge transfer process with the transition state being located close to the final state on the reaction coordinate. The dependence of Vc on potential scan rate yields the critical, areal concentration of condensed cation vacancies (ξ) at the metal/barrier layer interface that is in good agreement with that calculated theoretically based on the structure of Cr2O3, of which the barrier layer is postulated to comprise.

Well-Defined Triblock Hybrid Dendrimers Based on Lengthy Oligothiophene Cores and Poly(benzyl ether) Dendrons

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTWell-Defined Triblock Hybrid Dendrimers Based on Lengthy Oligothiophene Cores and Poly(benzyl ether) DendronsPatrick R. L. Malenfant, Lambertus Groenendaal, and Jean M. J. FréchetView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, California 94720-1460 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 42, 10990–10991Publication Date (Web):October 9, 1998Publication History Received26 May 1998Published online9 October 1998Published inissue 1 October 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9818147https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9818147rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views881Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Dendrons,Ethers,Halogenation,Oligomers Get e-Alerts

Buchbesprechung: Handbook of Porous Solids Band 1–5. Herausgegeben von Ferdi Schüth, Kenneth S. W. Sing und Jens Weitkamp

Development of a core outcome set for clinical trials of interventions to improve sleep in people with cognitive impairment‐the Sleep in Cognitive Impairment Core Outcome Set (SCICOS)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Sleep disturbances are common in older people with cognitive impairment, potentially contributing to negative outcomes. A core outcome set (COS) is required to reduce heterogeneity in clinical trials and promote the development of high‐quality evidence to support clinical management. METHODS A multi‐stage mixed methods study was conducted in accordance with The Core Outcome Set Standards for Development. RESULTS A systematic review identified 287 sleep outcomes from previous clinical trials. Qualitative interviews ensured the COS was informed by what matters most to people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. A modified Delphi process identified nine outcomes for the COS: total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wakefulness after sleep onset, number of night‐time awakenings, sleep efficiency, and measures of sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, cognition, and mood. DISCUSSION This COS will support researchers to produce more reliable and coherent trial data to guide the management of sleep disturbances in people with neurodegenerative cognitive impairment. Highlights Evidence is lacking regarding the treatment of sleep disturbances in people with cognitive impairment. Heterogeneity of reported outcomes in clinical trials limits data synthesis. A qualitative analysis established what matters most to people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers when determining treatment effectiveness. A Delphi panel of experts agreed upon a core outcome set. This core outcome set will improve the reliability and comparability of data from future trials.

Selective Oxidation Chemistry on Soluble Oxides: A Progress Report

CCDC 1026506: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Supernova 1991bb in UGC 2892

ADVANCED IMAGE PROCESSING CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS

Many useful and well-known image processing templates for cellular neural networks (CNN's) can be derived from neural field models, thereby providing a neural basis for the CNN paradigm. The potential ability of multitasking image processing is investigated by using these templates. Many visual illusions are simulated via CNN image processing. The ability of the CNN to mimic such high-level brain functions suggests possible applications of the CNN in cognitive engineering. Furthermore, two kinds of painting-like image processings, namely, texture generation and illustration style transformation are investigated.

Interfacing reality: exploring emerging trends between humans and machines (panel).

Theoretical and experimental studies of passivity breakdown of Aermet 100 ultra‐high stainless steel in chloride ion medium

Abstract Passivity breakdown and pitting behavior in the presence of aggressive Cl − on ultra‐high strength steel Aermet 100, commonly used for landing gear, has been studied, the data are explained in view of the point defect model (PDM). Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were examined to observe corrosion progress and corrosion products in the salt spray tests at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days intervals. The breakdown behavior was studied using CPP, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and digital confocal microscopy were used to explore the micromorphology and depth distribution of pits. The cumulative distribution basically satisfies a normal probabilistic distribution at the different concentrations of chloride and pH, which is consistent with PDM assuming a near‐normal distribution of potential breakdown sites regarding to the cation vacancy diffusivity.

Research Requirements to Move the Bar forward Using Aqueous Formate Salts as H2 Carriers for Energy Storage Applications

In this perspective on hydrogen carriers, we focus on the needs for the development of robust active catalysts for the release of H<sub>2</sub> from aqueous formate solutions, which are non-flammable, non-toxic, thermally stable, and readily available at large scales at reasonable cost. Formate salts can be stockpiled in the solid state or dissolved in water for long term storage and transport using existing infrastructure. Furthermore, formate salts are readily regenerated at moderate pressures using the same catalyst as for the H<sub>2</sub> release. There have been several studies focused on increasing the activity of catalysts to release H<sub>2</sub> at moderate temperatures, i.e., < 80 °C, below the operating temperature of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. One significant challenge to enable the use of aqueous formate salts as hydrogen carriers is the deactivation of the catalyst under operating conditions. In this work we provide a review of the most efficient heterogeneous catalysts that have been described in the literature, their proposed modes of deactivation, and the strategies reported to reactivate them. We discuss potential pathways that may lead to deactivation and strategies to mitigate it in a variety of H<sub>2</sub> carrier applications. We also provide an example of a potential use case employing formate salts solutions using a fixed bed reactor for seasonal storage of energy for a microgrid application.