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Phagocytosis is the central process by which macrophage cells internalize and eliminate infectious microbes as well as apoptotic cells. During maturation, phagosomes containing engulfed particles fuse with various endosomal compartments through the action of regulatory molecules on the phagosomal membrane. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of the membrane fraction from latex bead-containing (LBC) phagosomes isolated from macrophages. The profile, which comprised 546 proteins, suggests diverse functions of the phagosome and potential connections to secretory processes, toll-like receptor signaling, and autophagy. Many identified proteins were not previously known to reside in the phagosome. We characterized several proteins in LBC phagosomes that change in abundance on induction of autophagy, a process that has been previously implicated in the host defense against microbial pathogens. These observations suggest crosstalk between autophagy and phagocytosis that may be relevant to the innate immune response of macrophages.
Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. YABLONOVITCH, "LARGE AREA EPITAXIAL GAAS AND ALxGA1-xAS FILMS ON ARBITRARY SUBSTRATES," Optics News 14(12), 25-26 (1988) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
To expand the availability of genes encoding enzymes and structural proteins associated with storage lipid synthesis and deposition, partial nucleotide sequences, or expressed sequence tags (ESTs), were obtained for 743 cDNA clones derived from developing seeds of castor (Ricinus communis L.). Enrichment for seed-specific cDNA clones was obtained by selecting clones that did not detectably hybridize to first-strand cDNA from leaf mRNA. Similarly, clones that hybridized to storage proteins or other highly abundant mRNA species from developing seeds were selected against. To enrich for endomembrane-associated proteins, some clones were selected for sequencing by immunological screening with antibodies prepared against partially purified endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the ESTs with the public data bases resulted in the assignment of putative identities of 49% of the clones selected by differential hybridization and 71% of the clones selected by immunological screening. Open reading frames in 100 of the ESTs exhibited higher homology to 78 different nonplant gene products than to any previously known plant gene product.
Objectives To evaluate whether greater experience and success with performance incentives among physician practices are related to increased participation in Medicare's voluntary value‐based payment reforms. Data Sources/Study Setting Publicly available data from Medicare's Physician Compare ( n = 1,278; January 2012 to November 2013) and nationally representative physician practice data from the National Survey of Physician Organizations 3 ( NSPO 3; n = 907,538; 2013). Study Design We used regression analysis to examine practice‐level relationships between prior exposure to performance incentives and participation in key Medicare value‐based payment reforms: accountable care organization ( ACO ) programs, the Physician Quality Reporting System (“Physician Compare”), and the Meaningful Use of Health Information Technology program (“Meaningful Use”). Prior experience and success with financial incentives were measured as (1) the percentage of practices’ revenue from financial incentives for quality or efficiency; and (2) practices’ exposure to public reporting of quality measures. Data Collection/Extraction Methods We linked physician participation data from Medicare's Physician Compare to the NSPO 3 survey. Principal Findings There was wide variation in practices’ exposure to performance incentives, with 64 percent exposed to financial incentives, 45 percent exposed to public reporting, and 2.2 percent of practice revenue coming from financial incentives. For each percentage‐point increase in financial incentives, there was a 0.9 percentage‐point increase in the probability of participating in ACO s (standard error [ SE ], 0.1, p < .001) and a 0.8 percentage‐point increase in the probability of participating in Meaningful Use ( SE , 0.1, p < .001), controlling for practice characteristics. Financial incentives were not associated with participation in Physician Compare. Among ACO participants, a 1 percentage‐point increase in incentives was associated with a 0.7 percentage‐point increase in the probability of being “very well” prepared to utilize cost and quality data ( SE , 0.1, p < .001). Conclusions Physicians organizations’ prior experience and success with performance incentives were related to participation in Medicare ACO arrangements and participation in the meaningful use criteria but not to participation in Physician Compare. We conclude that Medicare must complement financial incentives with additional efforts to address the needs of practices with less experience with such incentives to promote value‐based payment on a broader scale.
In this paper we present a single map that displays an extraordinary range of dynamics that lies between the Bernoulli maps and almost periodic maps. Of central importance is the fact that this map illustrates how almost-periodic dynamics evolves into Bernoulli dynamics. Due to its continuous spectrum of dynamics between Bernoulli and almost periodic, we call this map the fundamental map in contrast to the better known standard map. The range of dynamics found in this map suggests that as order gives way to chaos, both the geometry of the orbit and the sequence of coordinates of the points of the orbit evolve from order to disorder. An interesting point brought out by this map is that the spatial and temporal properties of orbits near each end of the scale bear some striking similarities. Additionally, we show how to derive a Poincaré map from the fundamental map and derive the associated ODE, an equation for an electronic circuit.
The concept of self-assembled dendrimers is explored for the creation of discrete nanoparticle assemblies. Hybridization of branched DNA trimers and nanoparticle-DNA conjugates results in the synthesis of nanoparticle trimer and tetramer complexes. Multiple tetramer architectures are investigated, utilizing Au-DNA conjugates with varying secondary structural motifs. Hybridization products are analyzed by gel electrophoresis, and discrete bands are observed corresponding to structures with increasing numbers of hybridization events. Samples extracted from each band are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, and statistics compiled from micrographs are used to compare assembly characteristics for each architecture. Asymmetric structures are also produced in which both 5 and 10 nm Au particles are assembled on branched scaffolds.
It has recently been proposed that subsurface oxygen is crucial for the adsorption and subsequent electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> on copper. Using density functional theory, we have studied the stability and diffusion of subsurface oxygen in single crystals of copper exposing (111) and (100) facets. Oxygen is at least 1.5 eV more stable on the surface than beneath it for both crystal orientations; interstitial sites are too small to accommodate oxygen. The rate of atomic oxygen diffusion from one layer below a Cu(111) surface to the surface is 5 × 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. Oxygen can survive longer in deeper layers, but it does not promote CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption there. Diffusion of subsurface oxygen is easier to the less-dense Cu(100) surface, even from lower layers (rate ≈ 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). Once the applied voltage and dispersion forces are properly modeled, we find that subsurface oxygen is unnecessary for CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption on copper.
