This chapter focuses on the social world of black boxers in a gym in Chicago and examines their daily struggles both to enhance their bodily capital and to avoid the dissipating vices of the surrounding inner-city environment. There are few practices for which the French expression "payer de sa personne" ("paying with one's person") takes on a more powerful meaning than for boxing. The differences in disposition between the two boxers are redoubled by their respective constitution and character. Butch is easygoing, placid, and always even-tempered. Curtis's moods are constantly changing and unpredictable, his emotions brusque and edgy, worn on his sleeves, and his energy level as erratic as a fever chart. The chapter illustrates the various ways in which boxers encounter the problem of managing their body, preserving its integrity and energy, as much in the gym and in the ring as in daily life.
An effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is sometimes suggested, will be to reverse the secular trend toward questioning the value of scientific research and expertise. We analyze this hypothesis by examining how exposure to previous epidemics affected the confidence of individuals in science and scientists. Consistent with theory and evidence that attitudes are durably formed when individuals are in their impressionable years between the ages of 18 and 25, we focus on people who were exposed to epidemics in their country of residence at this stage of the life course. Combining data from a 2018 Wellcome Trust survey of more than 70,000 individuals in 160 countries with data on global epidemics since 1970, we show that such exposure has no impact on views of science as an endeavor or on opinions of whether the study of disease is properly an aspect of science, but that it significantly reduces confidence in scientists and the benefits of their work. These findings are robust to a variety of controls, empirical methods and sensitivity checks. We suggest some implications for how scientific findings are communicated and for how scientists seeking to inform and influence public opinion should position themselves in the public sphere.
Summary form only given. It has become apparent, that silicon technology can provide many of the requirements for nano-photonic integration, including many of the common opto-electronic components. Intel and Luxtera have both recently announced 10 Gb/sec optical modulators, integrated into silicon. Actually, all the other customarily required opto-electronic components are available now in silicon, as well. Continuous wave optical power can be provided from off-chip, just as dc power is currently provided from off-chip. The first commercial applications are emerging, are optical 10 Gb/s Ethernet, and Infiniband, a standard for communicating among multi-processors in an array, and in general, optical substitutes for electrical cables.
The orbital motion of electrons in a three-dimensional solid can generate a pseudoscalar magnetoelectric coupling theta, a fact we derive for the single-particle case using a recent theory of polarization in weakly inhomogeneous materials. This polarizability theta is the same parameter that appears in the "axion electrodynamics" Lagrangian DeltaL_{EM}=(thetae;{2}/2pih)E.B, which is known to describe the unusual magnetoelectric properties of the three-dimensional topological insulator (theta=pi). We compute theta for a simple model that accesses the topological insulator and discuss its connection to the surface Hall conductivity. The orbital magnetoelectric polarizability can be generalized to the many-particle wave function and defines the 3D topological insulator, like the integer quantum Hall effect, in terms of a topological ground-state response function.
Ethnoracial violence is a dynamic and multilayered phenomenon whose definition is at stake not only in academe but also in reality itself. It comes in two varieties, expressive and instrumental, when it serves to buttress the other four elementary forms of racial domination, namely, categorization, discrimination, segregation, and seclusion. I point out that the phenomenon is relatively rare and burdened with heavy moral baggage. I introduce distinctions based on directionality (vertical, horizontal), scale of the actors involved (individual, group, or state), degree of spectacularization, and type of ethnic classification system (categorical, gradational). The imperial domain offers an especially fruitful terrain for the comparative investigation and theoretical elaboration of the dynamics of racialization, violence, and the state. Students of human brutality in history should join hands with comparative scholars of race to throw new light on their explosive intersection.
Many energy storage technologies are fundamentally “materials-dependent”; they are enabled directly by, or designed around, a particular material or materials. Society's acute dependence on materials has increased in recent years as these technologies tap into an ever broader range of the periodic table and, therefore, into a broader set of underdeveloped and complex supply chains. In particular, growth in lithium-ion battery (LIBs) materials for the transportation and electricity sectors has led to extensive discussion of whether raw materials supply will meet the material requirements for these batteries. This presentation will cover balance between supply and demand for the metal content associated with compounds used in LIBs. We investigate the supply of nickel, cobalt, and lithium over the next 10 years and overlay scenarios of projected demand for LIBs over the same time period. We find that nickel has sufficient supply to meet the anticipated increase in demand for LIBs, but that there may be challenges in rapidly scaling the use of materials associated with lithium and cobalt in the short term. Due to long battery lifetimes and multiple end uses, recycling will play a modest role in filling the gap in short-term supply. We also explore the risks associated with the geopolitical concentrations of these elements, particularly for cobalt. Based on this initial screening, we perform a more detailed assessment of how cobalt supply may develop in the future particularly based on the byproduct nature of primary cobalt extraction from nickel and copper.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Photonic crystals behave toward light waves as semiconductors do toward electron waves. Yablonovitch discusses a report by Noda et al., who have made a photonic crystal with unprecedented performance, using GaAs, the best material for integration into optoelectronic devices. According to Yablonovitch, the work thus represents a significant step toward photonic integrated circuits.
