10,000 publications from this institution
The rates at which energy and particle densities move to equalize arbitrarily large temperature and chemical potential differences in an isolated quantum system have an emergent thermodynamical description whenever the energy or particle current commutes with the Hamiltonian. Concrete examples include the energy current in the 1D spinless fermion model with nearest-neighbor interactions (XXZ spin chain), the energy current in Lorentz-invariant theories or the particle current in interacting Bose gases in arbitrary dimension. Even far from equilibrium, these rates are controlled by state functions, which we call “expansion potentials,” expressed as integrals of equilibrium Drude weights. This relation between nonequilibrium quantities and linear response implies nonequilibrium Maxwell relations for the Drude weights. We verify our results via density-matrix renormalization group calculations for the XXZ chain.
The thesis of this paper is that there is no historical precedent for Europe's monetary union (EMU). While it is possible to point to similar historical experiences, the most obvious of which were in the 19th century, occurred in Europe, and had “union†as part of their names, EMU differs from these earlier monetary unions. The closer one looks the more uncomfortable one becomes with the effort to draw parallels on the basis of historical experience. It is argued that efforts to draw parallels between EMU and monetary unions past are more likely to mislead than to offer useful insights. Where history is useful is not in drawing parallels but in pinpointing differences. It is useful for highlighting what is distinctive about EMU.
This paper presents an application of the local activity theory [Chua, 1998] to a specific reaction–diffusion cellular nonlinear network (CNN) with cells defined by a trimolecular model, called the Brusselator. Both the local activity domain and a subset called the "edge of chaos" are identified in the cell parameter space. Within these domains, various cell parameter points were selected to illustrate the effectiveness of the local activity theory in choosing the parameters for the emergence of complex (static and dynamic) patterns in a homogeneous lattice formed by coupled locally active cells.
We present a new routing protocol, pathlet routing, in which networks advertise fragments of paths, called pathlets, that sources concatenate into end-to-end source routes. Intuitively, the pathlet is a highly flexible building block, capturing policy constraints as well as enabling an exponentially large number of path choices. In particular, we show that pathlet routing can emulate the policies of BGP, source routing, and several recent multipath proposals. This flexibility lets us address two major challenges for Internet routing: scalability and source-controlled routing. When a router's routing policy has only "local" constraints, it can be represented using a small number of pathlets, leading to very small forwarding tables and many choices of routes for senders. Crucially, pathlet routing does not impose a global requirement on what style of policy is used, but rather allows multiple styles to coexist. The protocol thus supports complex routing policies while enabling and incentivizing the adoption of policies that yield small forwarding plane state and a high degree of path choice.
An artificial gene encoding the amino acid repeat sequence (AEAEAKAKAEAEAKAK)9 was constructed and expressed in E. coli. affording a 17 236 Da His-tagged fusion protein, poly-EAK9. Circular dichroism and FTIR results suggest that poly-EAK9 adopts an extended β-strand conformation in an antiparallel β-sheet supramolecular aggregate. The structure appears highly stable and resistant to denaturation up to 6 M urea and over a range of pH and temperature conditions. Congo Red dye-binding assays support the presence of amyloid-like fibrils, and scanning electron microscopy studies confirm that these supramolecular structures are in fact smooth, well-defined fibrils, approximately 10−20 nm in diameter. Triggered gelation occurs under physiological conditions, suggesting the potential use of poly-EAK9 gels as biocompatible and biodegradable materials. Rheological and SEM experiments are consistent with the formation of an entangled polymer network, in which the polymer mesh size appears to be inversely related to protein concentration. Rheological measurements indicate that the material is significantly more elastic than a lower molecular weight synthetic peptide of the same structure. These results demonstrate that a high molecular weight, biosynthetic protein polymer of minimal complexity can be designed to self-assemble in solution to form β-sheet fibrils and transparent, self-supporting gels.
Este artigo reflete sobre a recepção internacional ao livro Prisões da miséria como reveladora da expansão penal nas sociedades avançadas na década de 2000. Ele revela que a tempestade global da "lei e ordem" inspirada pelos Estados Unidos, que o livro detectou em 1999, continuou a espalhar-se por toda a parte. Na verdade, ela estendeu-se dos países do Primeiro Mundo para os do Segundo Mundo e alterou a política e as práticas de punição em todo o globo de uma forma que ninguém previa e que ninguém teria pensado como possível há cerca de 15 anos. O artigo estende a análise para o papel dos institutos de consultoria (em especial o Manhattan Institute) na difusão das noções de combate ao crime e das panacéias no estilo estadunidense na América Latina como um elemento da circulação internacional dos pacotes de política pró-mercado que alimentam a gerência punitiva da pobreza. O artigo elabora e revê o modelo original do nexo entre neoliberalismo e penalidade punitiva, levando a análise da montagem do Estado na era da insegurança social, desenvolvida no livro Punindo os pobres.
Summary Two existing, contemporary ground motion selection and modification procedures – (i) exact conditional spectrum (CS‐exact) and (ii) generalized conditional intensity measure (GCIM) – are evaluated in their ability to accurately estimate seismic demand hazard curves (SDHCs) of a given structure at a specified site. The amount of effort involved in implementing these procedures to compute a single SDHC is studied, and a case study is chosen where rigorous benchmark SDHCs can be determined for evaluation purposes. By comparing estimates from ground motion selection and modification procedures with the benchmark, we conclude that estimates from CS‐exact are unbiased in many of the cases considered. The estimates from GCIM are even more accurate, as they are unbiased for most – but not all – of the cases where estimates from CS‐exact are biased. We find that it is possible to obtain biased SDHCs from GCIM, even after employing a very diverse collection of intensity measures to select ground motions and implementing its bias‐checking feature, because it is usually difficult to identify intensity measures that are truly ‘sufficient’ for the response of a complex, multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
This paper reports updated measures of transparency and independence for more than 100 central banks. The indices show that there has been steady movement in the direction of greater transparency and independence over time. In addition, we show that outcomes such as the variability of inflation are significantly affected by both central bank transparency and independence. Disentangling the impact of the two dimensions of central bank arrangements remains difficult, however.
The synthesis of medium-sized rings is a formidable challenge in organic chemistry. Toward this end transition-metal-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation via carbenoids has been applied. The authors report a gold(I)-catalyzed process for the asymmetric synthesis of seven- and eight-membered rings. The present work represents an advancement over existing methods of transition-metal-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation and extends the authors previous work involving the transformations of gold(I) carbenoids.
