The field of reticular chemistry is rapidly expanding and, as is true for any emerging field, there exists ‘folklores’ that permeate through the scientific discourse. It is within this context that we seek to address these ‘folklores’ in order to provide the realities of reticular chemistry.
This paper presents a general theory of organizational response to regulation, a theory that integrates adaptation and mutual selection perspectives. Two major forms of regulation in the hospital industry, certificate of need and rate review, are examined. Hypotheses are derived concerning the nature and timing of the various adjustments hospitals make both in internal organizational arrangements and in patterns of interorganizational activity in the face of regulatory constraints. Suggestions and data sources for testing the theory are presented.
Abstract During his fifty‐five year tenure, Prof. Barry M. Trost has made countless advancements in the fields of synthetic method development and complex molecule total synthesis. In addition to his well‐known contributions in the areas of allylic alkylation and transition metal‐catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions, Prof. Trost has developed many other useful synthetic methods as well. Although less prominent than some of his hallmark transformations, these reactions are no less significant and have enjoyed widespread adoption by the synthetic community. This review highlights many of these unsung processes – including several reduction/oxidation reactions, metal‐catalyzed alkene‐alkyne and alkyne‐alkyne couplings, phosphine‐catalyzed redox isomerizations, and methods for determining absolute stereochemistry – and their utility in the total synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and other complex bioactive molecules.
Abstract The history of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is briefly reviewed, starting with the foundations laid by Heaviside in the late nineteenth century in the form of Linear Systems Theory (LST). Warburg apparently was the first to extend the concept of impedance to electrochemical systems at the turn of the nineteenth century, when he derived the impedance function for a diffusion process that still bears his name. Impedance spectroscopy was next employed extensively using reactive bridges to measure the capacitance of ideally polarizable electrodes (mostly mercury), leading to the development of models for the electrified interface. However, it was the invention of the potentiostat in the 1940s and the development of frequency response analyzers in the 1970s that led to the use of EIS in exploring electrochemical and corrosion mechanisms, primarily because of their ability to probe electrochemical systems at very low frequencies. These inventions have led to an explosion in the use of EIS for exploring a wide range of systems and processes, ranging from conduction in the solid and liquid states, ionic and electronic conduction in polymers, heterogeneous reaction mechanisms, and the important phenomenon of passivity. It is evident that the use of EIS in identifying reaction mechanisms makes use of pattern recognition, currently through inspection. It is argued that, in the future development of EIS, reaction mechanism analysis (RMA) would be most efficiently done by using artificial neural networks operating in the pattern recognition mode. This strategy would require the creation of libraries of reaction mechanisms for which the theoretical impedance functions are known.
