Este artigo amplia o diagnóstico de Tom Slater sobre as causas da gentrificação da pesquisa recente sobre gentrificação.2 Ele argumenta que o deslocamento de denúncia para celebração da gentrificação, a elisão do deslocamento dos residentes estabelecidos e o foco eufemístico em “mesclagem social” participam de um padrão de invisibilidade da classe operária na esfera pública e na investigação social. Essa obliteração do proletariado na cidade é reforçada pela heteronomia crescente da pesquisa urbana, na medida em que ela se torna mais ligada estreitamente aos interesses dos governantes da cidade. Ambas as tendências revelam e incitam a transformação do papel do Estado, de provedor de assistência social para populações de renda mais baixa para o de fornecedor de serviços e amenidades empresariais para urbanitas de classe média – e alta –, entre os quais a limpeza, no ambiente construído e nas ruas, dos detritos físicos e humanos engendrados pela desregulação econômica e o corte de gastos de previdência social. Para construir melhores modelos do nexo em transformação entre classe e espaço na cidade neoliberal, precisamos ressituar a gentrificação numa perspectiva mais ampla, revisando a análise de classe para capturar a (de)formação do proletariado pós-industrial, resistindo às seduções das problemáticas pré-fabricadas das ações políticas e dando destaque ao Estado como produtor da desigualdade socioespacial. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: gentrificação, espaço urbano, classes, política, sociologia urbana.RELOCATING GENTRICATION: the working class, science and the state in recent urban research Loïc Wacquant This article amplifies Tom Slater’s diagnosis of the causes of the gentrification of recent gentrification research. It argues that the shift from the denunciation to the celebration of gentrification, the elision of the displacement of the established residents, and the euphemistic focus on ‘social mixing’ partake of a broader pattern of invisibility of the working class in the public sphere and social inquiry. This effacing of the proletariat in the city is reinforced by the growing heteronomy of urban research, as the latter becomes more tightly tethered to the concerns of city rulers. Both tendencies, in turn, reveal and abet the shifting role of the state from provider of social support for lower-income populations to supplier of business services and amenities for middle – and upperclass urbanites – among them the cleansing of the built environment and the streets from the physical and human detritus wrought by economic deregulation and welfare retrenchment. To build better models of the changing nexus of class and space in the neoliberal city, we need to relocate gentrification in a broader and sturdier analytic framework by revising class analysis to capture the (de)formation of the postindustrial proletariat, resisting the seductions of the prefabricated problematics of policy, and giving pride of place to the state as producer of sociospatial inequality. KEY WORDS: gentrication, urban space, class, politics, urban sociology.MISE EN SITUATION DE L´ANOBLISSEMENT: la classe ouvrière, la science et l´État dans la recherche urbaine récente Loïc Wacquant Cet article amplifie le diagnostic de Tom Slater sur les causes de la “gentrification” des études récentes sur la “gentrification” urbaine. Le glissement de la dénonciation à l’éloge de la gentrification, l’élision du déplacement forcé des habitants établis et la focalisation euphémistique sur la “mixité sociale” s’inscrivent dans un schéma plus large d’invisibilisation de la classe ouvrière dans la sphère publique et les investigations sociologiques. Cet effacement du prolétariat des métropoles est renforcé par l’hétéronomie croissante de la recherche urbaine, plus étroitement liée que jamais aux préoccupations des dirigeants de la ville. Ces deux tendances révèlent et facilitent la mutation du rôle de l’État, de fournisseur de soutiens sociaux aux populations démunies en agence de services et d’équipements marchands pour citadins des classes moyennes et supérieures–au premier rang desquels figure le nettoyage de l’environnement bâti et des rues des détritus humains et matériels engendrés par la dérégulation de l’économie et le recul de la protection sociale. Pour construire de meilleurs modèles des rapports changeants entre classe et espace dans la ville néolibérale, il faut replacer la gentrification des quartiers populaires dans un cadre analytique élargi et renforcé en réélaborant l’analyse de classe pour saisir la (dé)formation du prolétariat post-industriel, en résistant aux séductions des problématiques préfabriquées de politique publique, et en accordant une place centrale à l’État en tant que producteur d’inégalités sociospatiales. MOTS-CLÉS: anoblissement, espace urbain, classes, politique, sociologie urbaine. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Abstract Immunotherapies that mobilize CD8 T cells have revolutionized cancer therapy in recent years. A likely limitation of CD8 T cells in immunotherapy is that many tumors display few neoantigens and/or lack MHC I expression. Natural killer cells have emerged as exciting targets for new generations of immunotherapeutics. We investigated innate cues necessary for mobilizing spontaneous anti-tumor responses against tumors in mice and identified the cGAS-STING pathway as a critical pathway that is activated by cancer cells and mobilizes both NK cell and T cell mediated tumor rejection. Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are STING agonists that, when injected into tumors, superactivate cellular immunity. We investigated the efficacy of CDNs in mobilizing anti-tumor activity in 6 independent gene edited models of MHC I-deficient tumors. Due to the absence of MHC I, CD8 T cells played no role in these responses. When transplanted syngeneic tumors of all 6 models were established and then treated intratumorally with CDNs (a single treatment, or in some cases 3 early treatments), tumor rejection rapidly ensued, which was NK-dependent and independent of CD8 T cells. In 5 of 6 MHC I-deficient tumor models tested, CDN therapy resulted in the indefinite survival of between 30% and 100% of the animals, with no evidence of residual tumors, suggesting the animals were cured. In one model (MHC I-deficient B16 melanoma cells) early rejection of the tumors was followed by relapse in all of the animals. Tumor rejection induced by CDNs was IFN-I-dependent, and conditional knockout experiments indicated that IFN-I acted directly on NK cells but also indirectly on DCs. After CDN therapy, DCs in the draining lymph nodes upregulated IL-15/IL-15R complexes on the membrane, and tumor rejection was blocked by neutralizing IL-15/IL15R. These data suggested that CDNs induce trans-presentation of IL15 by DCs to NK cells to support the tumor rejection response. CDN-induced tumor rejection was markedly enhanced by combining CDNs with IL-2 superkine (“super2”, in collaboration with C. Garcia), resulting in long-term tumor free survival in nearly all of the mice in the MHC I-deficient B16 and MC-38 models, indicating striking synergy between CDNs and super2. Our results suggest great potential for combining agonists of innate immune responses with superkines for treating cancers that are invisible to CD8 T cells, including MHC I-deficient cancers and potentially cancers with low neoantigen expression. Citation Format: David H. Raulet. Innate immune defenses against cancer: Potential for mobilizing NK cells for cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTControl of Porous Properties and Surface Chemistry in "Molded" Porous Polymer Monoliths Prepared by Polymerization in the Presence of TEMPOEric C. Peters, Frantisek Svec, Jean M. J. Fréchet, Camilla Viklund, and Knut IrgumView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460 Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Umeå, Umeå S-901 87, Sweden Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 19, 6377–6379Publication Date (Web):August 19, 1999Publication History Received9 April 1999Revised16 June 1999Published online19 August 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma990538thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma990538trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views835Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalyst supports,Monomers,Polymerization,Polymers,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts
view Abstract Citations (37) References (73) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Probing the Interstellar Medium along the Lines of Sight to SN 1994D and SN 1994I Ho, Luis C. ; Filippenko, Alexei V. Abstract We present high-resolution (~8 km s^-1^) echelle observations of SN 1994D and 1994I covering the optical Na D interstellar absorption lines and the region around Hα. The high-quality spectra reveal a complex pattern of Na D absorption systems along the path to both supernovae. The velocity systems can be identified with contributions from the Galactic disk, the host galaxy of each supernova, and absorbing material having "anomalous" velocities inconsistent with simple rotation within our Galaxy or the respective host galaxies. The anomalous velocity gas along the line of sight to SN 1994D may be intergalactic in origin and is infalling toward NGC 4526, the Virgo cluster host galaxy of SN 1994D. We consider several hypotheses for the anomalous velocity systems seen toward SN 1994I. The most likely explanation is that they are optical counterparts of "high-velocity clouds," normally studied in 21 cm emission, associated with either the Galactic halo or the halo of the host galaxy NGC 5194 (M51). These metal-bearing, low-column density clouds may be much more common than previously thought. At least some metal-line QSO absorption systems may be associated with high-velocity clouds in the halos of intervening galaxies. We use the derived Na column densities to estimate the extinction of the two supernovae. For SN 1994D, we obtain A_V_ = 0.08^-0.04_^+0.08 mag, consistent with independent estimates based on considerations of the supernova colors near maximum brightness. Several complications conspire to make the extinction estimate for SN 1994I very uncertain. Our best estimate yields A_V_ = 3.1_-1.5_^+3.1^ mag, although there are reasons to believe that the true extinction is <~ 1.4 mag. Finally, we note that no narrow Hα emission or absorption is detected to 2 σ equivalent width limits of 3 mA in the spectrum of SN 1994D, a Type Ia supernova. Unfortunately, this observation does not provide very significant constraints on models of the progenitor; SN 1994D was observed ~3 weeks after maximum brightness, by which time little if any Hα would be expected even if circumstellar hydrogen were present. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: May 1995 DOI: 10.1086/175591 Bibcode: 1995ApJ...444..165H Keywords: Absorption Spectra; Astronomical Spectroscopy; Interstellar Matter; Light (Visible Radiation); Line Of Sight; Supernovae; Cosmic Gases; Galactic Halos; H Alpha Line; Intergalactic Media; Interstellar Extinction; Quasars; Spectrum Analysis; Virgo Galactic Cluster; Astronomy; GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL NGC NUMBER: NGC 5194; GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL NGC NUMBER: NGC 4526; ISM: ABUNDANCES; STARS: SUPERNOVAE: INDIVIDUAL ALPHANUMERIC: SN 1994D; STARS: SUPERNOVAE: INDIVIDUAL ALPHANUMERIC: SN 1994I full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (28) NED (19) Related Materials (1) Erratum: 1996ApJ...463..818H
We predict the robust existence of a novel quantum orbital stripe order in the $p$-band Bose-Hubbard model of two-dimensional triangular optical lattices with cold bosonic atoms. An orbital angular momentum moment is formed on each site exhibiting a stripe order both in the superfluid and Mott-insulating phases. The stripe order spontaneously breaks time-reversal, lattice translation and rotation symmetries. In addition, it induces staggered plaquette bond currents in the superfluid phase. Possible signatures of this stripe order in the time of flight experiment are discussed.
