19. Addressing Food Insecurity and Tobacco Control through a Neighborhood Coalition: Applying Community Coalition Action Theory and Principles for Collaborating for Equity and Justice was published in Community Organizing and Community Building for Health and Social Equity, 4th edition on page 325.
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract Studies of ancient and active subduction zones are critically important to understanding processes of interplate coupling, crust‐mantle recycling and arc magmatism. Dating subduction metamorphism along prograde and retrograde paths in order to constrain such processes, however, has proved to be extremely difficult. The complex thermal history of subduction systems poses significant challenges to low‐ T geochronometers and subduction‐zone assemblages commonly lack suitable minerals for higher temperature geochronology. Garnet and lawsonite, however, are critical index minerals of high‐ and low‐ T subduction‐zone metamorphism and are well suited to Lu–Hf geochronology. In addition, the closure temperature for Lu–Hf in garnet and lawsonite should be sufficiently high that an age will date mineral crystallization and therefore the timing of subduction zone metamorphism. The relative stability and timing of garnet and lawsonite formation will be controlled by the bulk composition, peak metamorphic conditions and shape of the P – T path experienced by a particular sample. To test the influence of metamorphic conditions and P – T path on Lu–Hf geochronology, garnet and lawsonite‐bearing samples were dated from rocks where lawsonite formed after garnet along a retrograde path, stabilized prior to garnet along a prograde path and formed contemporaneously with garnet. In the Franciscan Complex, the ages of garnet–epidote amphibolite, garnet–epidote blueschist, garnet–lawsonite blueschist and lawsonite blueschist range from c . 166–130 Ma and generally decrease with decreasing metamorphic grade, consistent with previous studies. Garnet–lawsonite blueschist/eclogite formed along an apparent prograde path at Ward Creek records an apparent age of c . 152 Ma. Lower temperature lawsonite blueschist at Ward Creek, however, failed to provide a geologically significant date and likely reflects isotopic disequilibrium at low temperatures. The apparent temperature–time history from Franciscan Complex Lu–Hf ages most likely reflects samples derived from various portions of the subduction zone or that were subducted and metamorphosed at different times in the thermal evolution of the subduction zone. In the Sivrihisar Massif, lawsonite eclogite and garnet–lawsonite blueschist record distinctly different ages of 91.1 ± 1.3 Ma and 83.3 ± 1.8 Ma. The different ages date the timing of high‐ P metamorphism within each protolith and suggest that garnet–lawsonite eclogite metamorphism pre‐dated garnet–lawsonite blueschist metamorphism in these samples by c . 8 Ma. The age of lawsonite eclogite metamorphism extends the timing of high‐ P metamorphism and requires subduction initiation prior to 91 Ma. The results indicate that the Lu–Hf system provides a reliable tool for dating the wide range in P – T conditions of subduction‐zone metamorphism. Lawsonite dating, in particular, provides a reliable method by which to date low‐ T retrograde and prograde metamorphism in the absence of garnet. Lawsonite may not be ideal for geochronology if sufficient garnet coexists in the mineral assemblage, the lawsonite has very low‐ T stability, or if extremely fine‐grained Hf phases such as zircon are present in lawsonite. In poly‐metamorphic assemblages where the pressure and temperature can be estimated for separate garnet and lawsonite sub‐assemblages, the age discrepancy between garnet and lawsonite may provide the ability to quantify the rates of heating or cooling and subduction or exhumation.
In the UK’s 2016 Brexit referendum, young voters were more likely than their elders to support remaining in the European Union. Using half a century of data and new techniques, we find that recent cohorts tend to be more pro‐European than their predecessors, but that voters also become more sceptical towards Europe as they age. Much of the pro‐Europeanism of recent cohorts is associated with greater years of education. We also document large nationwide swings in sentiment that have little to do with age or cohort effects. These time effects are plausibly associated with, inter alia , macroeconomic fluctuations, financial conditions and geopolitical circumstances, but they also could have other sources. They dominate the impact of the estimated age and cohort effects and will crucially determine future UK support for membership in the European Union.
Abstract
Abstract To estimate how tree photosynthesis modulates soil respiration, we simultaneously and continuously measured soil respiration and canopy photosynthesis over an oak‐grass savanna during the summer, when the annual grass between trees was dead. Soil respiration measured under a tree crown reflected the sum of rhizosphere respiration and heterotrophic respiration; soil respiration measured in an open area represented heterotrophic respiration. Soil respiration was measured using solid‐state CO 2 sensors buried in soils and the flux‐gradient method. Canopy photosynthesis was obtained from overstory and understory flux measurements using the eddy covariance method. We found that the diurnal pattern of soil respiration in the open was driven by soil temperature, while soil respiration under the tree was decoupled with soil temperature. Although soil moisture controlled the seasonal pattern of soil respiration, it did not influence the diurnal pattern of soil respiration. Soil respiration under the tree controlled by the root component was strongly correlated with tree photosynthesis, but with a time lag of 7–12 h. These results indicate that photosynthesis drives soil respiration in addition to soil temperature and moisture.
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cationic and mixed-valent forms of Fe3O(CO2)6 trigonal prismatic clusters have been linked by ditopic links, namely, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (1,4-BDC) and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate (1,3-BDC), to produce two 3-periodic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Fe3O(1,4-BDC)3 (DMF)3][FeCl4] x (DMF)3 (MOF-235) and Fe3O(1,3-BDC)3 (py)3 x (py)0.5(H2O)1.5 (MOF-236) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide, py = pyridine), respectively. These MOFs exemplify a new, high-symmetry topology termed acs which we identify here as the default arrangement for linking trigonal prisms together.
W mojej książce The invention of the ‘underclass’ [2022] przedstawiam, odwołując się do „dziejów pojęć” (niem. Begriffsgeschichte) Reinharta Kosellecka oraz socjologii refleksyjnej Pierre’a Bourdieu, mikrohistorię narodzin, upowszechnienia się i zaniku owego uwidocznionego w tytule, podszytego rasizmem demona potocznej wyobraźni (ang. racialized folk devil) dającego o sobie znać na styku badań naukowych, dziennikarstwa i oficjalnej filantropii podporządkowanej polityce. Rzeczona historia pokazuje sposób uprawiania polityki wiedzy dotyczącej grup mieszkańców metropolii, wywłaszczonych i odartych z godności – w związku z nią proponuję trzy pojęcia, które mogą pomóc badaczom w analizowaniu używania i nadużywania innych konstruktów nauk społecznych, przyczyniając się tym samym do zwiększenia dbałości o higienę myśli: „efekt leminga” odnoszący się do znanego fenomenu zachowań stadnych (przykładem szalony pęd ku „diasporze”); „konceptualną bańkę spekulacyjną” (jak w przypadku „kapitalizmu rasowego”) oraz „problematykę szablonową” (ang. turnkey problematics) (jak w przypadku „odpornego miasta” i „miasta kreatywnego”). Ponadto omawiam czynniki sprzyjające rozwojowi koniukturalizmu epistemicznego (ang. epistemic bandwagons), spekulacji oraz szablonów pojęciowych (turnkeys) i wskazuję kryteria tworzenia efektywnych pojęć i koncepcji, biorąc pod uwagę ich aspekt semantyczny (klarowność i neutralność), logiczny (spójność i specyfikę kategorialną) oraz heurystyczny (adekwatność empiryczną i płodność teoretyczną).
