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Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-temperature pyrolytic transformations of tri-tert-butoxysiloxy derivatives of aluminum to aluminosilicate materialsKarl W. Terry, Peter K. Ganzel, and T. Don TilleyCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 6, 1290–1295Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00024a032https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00024a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
A previously developed dynamic model of the Escherichia coli Pho regulon was extended to investigate the effect of polyphosphate synthesis and degradation on this control system. Differential equations for ATP and polyphosphate were formulated, and the model was applied to the growth of cells containing the ppk and ppx genes under control of separate, inducible promoters. In agreement with recent experimental observations, the degradation of polyphosphate by PPX during a period of phosphate limitation could repress the phosphate-starvation response. This is attributed to the release of phosphate from the cell into the periplasm, where it can be detected by the external phosphate sensor. A segregated model was then developed to account for differences in K(I), the dissociation constant for the repression complex, among cells of the population. Since K(I) is the key parameter in determining whether the Pho response is induced or repressed at a particular surface phosphate concentration, this permitted the induction of some cells while others remained repressed. The induction profiles resulting from the population-averaged values more closely matched experimental results than did those with the nonsegregated model.
HST WFPC2 archival F606W and F300W images obtained within one year prior to the explosion of the nearby Type II supernova (SN) 2003gd in Messier 74 (NGC 628) have been analyzed to isolate the progenitor star. The SN site was located using precise astrometry applied to the HST images. Two plausible candidates are identified within 0.6" of the SN position in the F606W image. Neither candidate was detected in the F300W image. SN 2003gd appears to be of Type II-plateau (II-P), with age ~87 d on June 17 UT and with low reddening [E(B-V) = 0.13 mag]. The most likely of the two progenitor candidates has M_V_0 ~ -3.5 mag (for an extinction-corrected distance modulus of 29.3 mag) and, based on additional color information derived from a high-quality, archival ground-based I-band image, we estimate that this star was a red supergiant with initial mass M_ZAMS ~ 8 -- 9 Msun. This mass estimate is somewhat lower than, but relatively consistent with, recent limits placed on the progenitor masses of other SNe II-P, using HST data. Future HST imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys, when the SN has faded considerably, will be extremely useful in pinpointing the exact SN location and securing identification of the progenitor. If our proposed candidate is confirmed, it will be only the sixth SN progenitor ever directly identified.
Dislocation structures in as-received and plastically deformed commercial α 2 + B2 and homogeneous ordered B2 intermetallic titanium aluminide alloys (“super-α2”) were characterized with transmission electron microscopy. Thin foils prepared by twin-jet electropolishing and ion beam thinning were found to yield different deformation structures. Electropolished foils were found to contain lath-like bands of dislocation loops with 1 2 〈111〉 Burgers' vectors (b) in the B2 phase that were actually thinning artifacts. Dislocations in lightly deformed ion-beam-thinned foils appeared to be predominantly screw dislocations with b = 1 2 〈111〉
Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) have drastically increased the achievable CO 2 reduction (CO2R) current density by overcoming the significant mass transport limitations observed in aqueous planar electrodes. 1-3 The thin diffusion layer in GDEs, typically in the order of 10-100 nm, also allows operation of CO2R in alkaline conditions, which have been shown to suppress the side reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and reduce the onset potentials of CO2R products such as CO and C 2 H 4 . 4-7 With this increase in total current density, conventional cell designs for planar electrodes become severely limited by the ohmic drop across the cell, making membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) an attractive alternative. MEAs have smaller cell resistances as they do not have aqueous electrolyte compartments and can greatly reduce the distance between the two electrodes. In this talk, we explore the mechanisms and limitations through multiphysics modeling of two MEA designs: one with gaseous feeds at both the anode and cathode (full-MEA); the other with an aqueous anode feed (KHCO 3 or KOH exchange solution) and a gaseous cathode feed (exchange-MEA). We discuss important cell design considerations such as the distribution of the applied voltage, water management, and CO 2 utilization efficiencies. Finally, we examine the effects of temperature and the trade-off between CO 2 solubility and water supply for a full-MEA. R. L. Cook, R. C. Macduff and A. F. Sammells, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 1990, 137 , 607-608. B. Kim, S. Ma, H.-R. Molly Jhong and P. J. A. Kenis, Electrochim. Acta , 2015, 166 , 271-276. L. C. Weng, A. T. Bell and A. Z. Weber, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 2018, 20 , 16973-16984. S. Verma, X. Lu, S. Ma, R. I. Masel and P. J. Kenis, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 2016, 18 , 7075-7084. C. T. Dinh, T. Burdyny, M. G. Kibria, A. Seifitokaldani, C. M. Gabardo, F. P. G. de Arquer, A. Kiani, J. P. Edwards, P. De Luna, O. S. Bushuyev, C. Q. Zou, R. Quintero-Bermudez, Y. J. Pang, D. Sinton and E. H. Sargent, Science , 2018, 360 , 783-787. C.-T. Dinh, F. P. García de Arquer, D. Sinton and E. H. Sargent, ACS Energy Lett. , 2018, 3 , 2835-2840. D. Raciti, M. Mao, J. H. Park and C. Wang, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 2018, 165 , F799-F804.
