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The cellular neural network framework developed by L.O. Chua and L. Yang (IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol.32, Oct. 1988) is used to analyze the image filtering operation performed by the VLSI linear resistive grid. In particular, it is shown in detail how the resistive grid can be cast as a CNN, and the use of frequency-domain techniques to characterize the input-output behavior of resistive grids of both infinite and finite size is discussed. These results lead to a theoretical justification of one of the so-called folk theorems commonly held by researchers using resistive grids: resistive grids are robust in the presence of variations in the values of the resistors. An application to edge detection is proposed. In particular, it is shown that the filtering performed by the grid is similar to the exponential filter in the edge detection algorithm proposed by J. Shen and S. Castan (1986).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the current landscape of health information technology (HIT) in early accountable care organizations (ACOs), the different strategies ACOs are using to develop HIT-based capabilities, and how ACOs are using these capabilities within their care management processes to advance health outcomes for their patient population. Design/methodology/approach – Mixed methods study pairing data from a cross-sectional National Survey of ACOs with in-depth, semi-structured interviews with leaders from 11 ACOs (both completed in 2013). Findings – Early ACOs vary widely in their electronic health record, data integration, and analytic capabilities. The most common HIT capability was drug-drug and drug-allergy interaction checks, with 53.2 percent of respondents reporting that the ACO possessed the capability to a high degree. Outpatient and inpatient data integration was the least common HIT capability (8.1 percent). In the interviews, ACO leaders commented on different HIT development strategies to gain a more comprehensive picture of patient needs and service utilization. ACOs realize the necessity for robust data analytics, and are exploring a variety of approaches to achieve it. Research limitations/implications – Data are self-reported. The qualitative portion was based on interviews with 11 ACOs, limiting generalizability to the universe of ACOs but allowing for a range of responses. Practical implications – ACOs are challenged with the development of sophisticated HIT infrastructure. They may benefit from targeted assistance and incentives to implement health information exchanges with other providers to promote more coordinated care management for their patient population. Originality/value – Using new empirical data, this study increases understanding of the extent of ACOs’ current and developing HIT capabilities to support ongoing care management.
![Figure][1] In 1895, Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius presented a paper to the stockholm Physical Society titled On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground , in which he argued that the combustion of fossil fuel would lead to global warming. He was right, so we must deal with the consequences of global climate change and somehow meet our expanding energy needs while limiting greenhouse gas emissions. Earth receives approximately 4000 times more energy from the Sun each year than humans are projected to use in 2050. Some of that energy can be captured through a variety of “renewable” sources, but the only form of solar energy harvesting that can contribute substantially to transportation fuel needs at costs competitive with fossil fuel is that captured by photosynthesis and stored in biomass. Brazil now obtains a quarter of its ground transportation fuel from ethanol produced by the fermentation of sugarcane sugar, and in the United States, approximately 90 corn grain-to-ethanol refineries produce about 4.5 billion gallons of ethanol annually. The U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005 would increase that production to 7.5 billion gallons by 2012, but the United States currently uses about 140 billion gallons of ground transportation fuel per year. To replace 30% of that amount with ethanol of equivalent energy content, as proposed recently by the Secretary of Energy, will require about 60 billion gallons of ethanol. A recent analysis[*][2] concluded that the United States could produce about 1.3 billion dry tons of biomass each year in addition to present agricultural and forestry production. Because it is theoretically possible to obtain about 100 gallons of ethanol from a ton of cellulosic biomass (such as corn stover, the stalks remaining after corn has been harvested), the United States could sustainably produce about 130 billion gallons of fuel ethanol from biomass. In addition to a positive effect on the release of greenhouse gases, a biofuels program on this scale would have substantial economic and strategic advantages. ![Figure][1] CREDIT: ROYALTY-FREE/CORBIS The creation of a new industry on that scale will require much basic and applied work on methods for converting plant lignocellulose to fuels, because several significant problems must be overcome to make the process ready for large-scale use. For example, cellulose is a recalcitrant substrate for bioconversion, and unacceptably large amounts of enzymes are required to produce sugar. Lignin occludes polysaccharides and inhibits enzymatic hydrolysis of these carbohydrates; energetically expensive and corrosive chemical pretreatments are required for its removal. The yeast currently used in large-scale ethanol production cannot efficiently ferment sugars other than glucose. And relatively low concentrations of ethanol kill microorganisms, requiring an expensive separation of the product from large volumes of yeast growth medium. These and other technical issues associated with this emerging industry have potential solutions, and many incremental advances can be envisioned. However, substantial public and private investment will be needed to meet the nation's goals. For instance, competitive funding for basic research in plant biology by all federal agencies totals only about 1% of the National Institutes of Health's budget. Small wonder that we do not know basic things such as the composition of the enzyme complex that synthesizes cellulose. Hopefully, a new U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) report[†][3] that outlines the scientific issues will help set the direction for increased funding in this area. A national biofuels strategy will ultimately depend on massive support for basic curiosity-driven research in many aspects of nonmedical microbiology, plant biology, and chemical engineering. A fivefold increase in federal support during the next decade could readily be justified by the projected economic gains from the accelerated development of a cellulosic biofuel industry. To ensure parallel progress on the many different components of a biofuels strategy, it may be necessary to create a mission-oriented project similar to the Manhattan Project. Indeed, several of the national laboratories that were founded during the Manhattan era also pioneered some aspects of biofuel technology and could be a powerful source of relevant scientific and engineering expertise. [1]: pending:yes [2]: #fn-1 [3]: #fn-2
Spectroscopic analysis was used to gain new insight into the molecular structures occurring during the synthesis of highly dispersed silica SBA-15 supported vanadia (VOx/SBA-15). VOx/SBA-15 was prepared by a grafting/anion-exchange procedure. As a first step of the procedure, the inner pores of SBA-15 are functionalized via grafting of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. After formation of the corresponding ammonium salt, decavanadate (V10O286-) is incorporated into the pores by anion exchange. In the final step, calcination of the decavanadate precursor yields the chemically bonded vanadia species. Using this approach, vanadium loadings of up to 22 wt % V on SBA-15 were obtained. As followed by Raman spectroscopy, upon dehydration, the structure of the supported vanadia changes dramatically. Raman and diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy under dehydrated conditions reveal the presence of different vanadia structures (monomers, polymers and crystals) as a function of vanadium loading (0 – 22 wt % V). The maximum coverage of vanadia species on SBA-15 is achieved at ~7.2 wt % V (2.3 V/nm2). At loadings up to 7.2 wt % V, the vanadia species are mainly present as isolated tetrahedral species, whereas at higher loadings V2O5 crystallites are formed, in addition to monomeric and polymeric vanadia species.
The back-propagation neural network is utilized to classify sleep stages in humans. A single-channel EEG is segmented into equally spaced intervals, each interval corresponds to one-minute in time. Measurements of the time, frequency, and energy characteristics are carried out in each interval to construct the sleep pattern vector. An adaptive training algorithm is utilized to accelerate the training process. This neural network is useful for various neurological studies and clinical diagnoses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In present day semiconductor lasers, there is a serious asymmetry between the very light conduction band mass and the very heavy valence band mass. Under laser threshold conditions, the hole occupation remains classical even while the electrons are degenerate. This results in a significant penalty in terms of threshold current density, carrier injection level, and excess Auger and other nonradiative recombination. We propose a combination of strain and quantum confinement to reduce the valence band effective mass and to lessen the laser threshold requirements.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymeric reagents. 3. Poly[vinyl(pyridinium chlorochromate)]: a new recyclable oxidizing agentJean M. J. Frechet, James Warnock, and M. Jean FarrallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 13, 2618–2621Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00407a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00407a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views471Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three third-order differential equations are obtained for the canonical system.These equations are equivalent to the initial system and characterize its components.The first equation is Lipschitz continuous, the second one has discontinuous right hand side and the third one is an equation with impulse action.The equation in variations which corresponds to solutions of the first equation is investigated; analysis of its solutions is given; conditions for presence of periodic solutions for Chua's system are discussed.The canonical form for the general system of Chua's type is obtained.We will consider equations for the canonical Chua's circuit [1]
Solar cell science and technology is changing. New efficiency records have been set. Alta Devices has reached 28.8% efficiency in a thin film single-junction cell at 1-sun, and 30.8% efficiency in a thin-film dual junction cell at 1-sun. Counter-intuitively, efficient external fluorescence is a necessity for approaching the ultimate limits. A great Solar Cell also needs to be a great Light Emitting Diode. Why would a solar cell, intended to absorb light, benefit from emitting light? Although it is tempting to equate light emission with loss, paradoxically, light emission actually improves the open-circuit voltage, and the efficiency. The single-crystal thin film technology that achieved these high efficiencies, is created by epitaxial liftoff, and can be produced at cost well below the other less efficient thin film solar technologies. The path is now open to a 30% efficient photovoltaic technology that can be produced at low cost.
The transformation between the Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions of the equilibrium equations for second-grade elastic materials is reconsidered in the setting of a convected-coordinate formulation of the relevant kinematics. The third-order contortion tensor, equivalent to the strain gradient and representing the change of the Levi-Civita connection induced by deformation, is adopted as the basic descriptor of the refined kinematics associated with the second-gradient theory.
