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The contamination of water sources by oily compounds has been a serious environmental threat for researchers in recent years because oily compounds are emulsified, and their separation is difficult. Photocatalytic degradation of toxic pollutants has been developed as a very prominent and effective wastewater treatment technique. A lot of scientific research is going on all over the world to increase the photocatalytic efficiency of wastewater treatment processes. Using photocatalytic membranes has shown inspiring results in treating oily wastewater. Utilizing the photocatalyst in a membrane is the best solution for the treatment of oily wastewater treatments. In this chapter, an attempt is made to explore the oily wastewater sources, and various treatment methods, focusing on photocatalysis and photocatalytic membranes for oily wastewater treatment, and finally, future perspectives of photocatalytic membranes for oily wastewater treatment methods. The potential of the photocatalytic membranes for oily wastewater is more advantageous and economical compared to other traditional processes.
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Affordable hydrophobic hollow fibre membranes were prepared using kaolin and alumina based ceramic powders via a combined phase inversion and sintering technique, followed by a grafting with fluoroalkylsilane (FAS). The crux of the matter in this paper is to study the changes in the properties of the hollow fibre membranes (gas permeation, mechanical strength, pore size, porosity, tortuosity, morphology, and contact angle) by the addition of alumina (Al2O3) to the pure kaolin with mono or multiparticle sizes. By varying the overall loading and particle size of alumina addition, different morphologies of the membranes were obtained due to the differences in the path lengths during phase inversion process for each solvent and nonsolvent exchange. The successful grafting with FAS was evidenced by the increase in contact angle from nearly equal to zero degree before grafting to 140° after grafting. Kaolin–alumina-4, one of the hollow fibres fabricated in this work, achieved a mean pore size of 0.25 μm with the bending strength of 96.4 MPa and high nitrogen permeance of 2.3×10-5 mol·m-2·Pa-1·s-1, which makes the hollow fibre most suitable for the membrane contactor application.
